Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2015
A focus on long-term capital growth |
Riverstone Energy Limited (LSE: RSE) |
Who We Are…
The Company's investment manager is
Riverstone is an energy and power-focused private investment firm founded in 2000 by
The registered office of the Company is Heritage Hall, PO Box 225,
Financial and Operational Highlights
· Total capital committed as of
· Total invested capital as of
· NAV per Share as at
Committed to Date | $1,581 million/120 per cent. of total capital raised(1)
|
Commitments during the year ended 31 December 2015
| Committed a total of $857 million: (i) $200 million to ILX Holdings III LLC (ii) $172 million to Canadian International Oil Corp. (iii) $167 million to Three Rivers Natural Resources Holdings III LLC (iv) $125 million to Riverstone Credit Opportunities, L.P. (v) $67 million to Rock Oil Holdings LLC (vi) $60 million to CanEra Inc. (vii) $33 million to Meritage Midstream Services III, L.P. (viii) $33 million to Carrier Energy Partners II LLC |
Invested to Date | $845 million/64 per cent. of capital raised(1)
|
Art. 105 of the Delegated Regulation 213/2013 - Overview of the Investments as of 31 December 2015 | Invested a total of $469 million: (i) $178 million in Canadian International Oil Corp. (ii) $78 million in Rock Oil Holdings LLC (iii) $76 million in Riverstone Credit Opportunities, L.P. (iv) $31 million in Carrier Energy Partners II LLC (v) $29 million in ILX Holdings III LLC (vi) $27 million in Liberty Resources II LLC (vii) $17 million in Meritage Midstream Services III, L.P. (viii) $11 million in Three Rivers Natural Resources Holdings III LLC (ix) $6 million in Eagle Energy Exploration LLC (x) $6 million in Castex Energy 2014 LLC (xi) $5 million in Origo Exploration Holding AS (xii) $3 million in Canadian Non-Operated Resources LP (xiii) $1 million in Sierra Oil & Gas Holdings, L.P. (xiv) $1 million in CanEra Inc. |
Key Financials
2015 | 2014 | |
NAV as at 31 December | $1,347 million | $1,240 million |
NAV per Share as at 31 December | $15.95 | $16.31 |
Total comprehensive profit for the year ended 31 December | $8.4 million | $20.6 million |
Basic Earnings per Share for the year ended 31 December | 11.03 cents | 28.60 cents |
Market capitalisation at 31 December | $985 million/ £668 million(2) | $1,028 million/ £660 million(2) |
Share price at 31 December | $11.65/£7.91(2) | $13.53/£8.68(2) |
(1) Based on total capital raised of
(2) Based on exchange rate of 1.473 $/£ at
"Riverstone's scale, experience and diversified investment approach - both across sectors and geographies - differentiate us from industry peers and offer resilience to our investors"
Chairman's Statement
Well-placed to benEFit from attractive opportunities
2015 marked the second full year of REL's operations, and the second consecutive year of volatile energy markets which presented further attractive investment opportunities to the Company.
2015 marked the second full year of REL's operation, amidst a challenging backdrop for the global energy industry. Indeed, the energy industry is facing pressures ranging from a lack of available capital to declining revenues, as oil prices have collapsed in response to excess supply. We believe that REL's investment strategy remains valid in these conditions. Market volatility increases opportunity as well as risk.
During the year,
Toward the end of the year, REL had an unusual opportunity to increase its stake in CIOC on what we believe to be highly advantageous terms. CIOC is a high-growth E&P company with a large acreage position in the liquids-rich
After careful consideration of the various options available to REL, the Board concluded that the uniquely attractive nature of the opportunity warranted the issuance of additional equity, and a Placing and Open Offer was the most appropriate method to carry it out. On
The Board and I are pleased with the success of the equity raise and in particular with our associated investment in CIOC, which we believe has excellent potential and has already resulted in NAV accretion. However, the circumstances underlying this equity issue were highly unusual. We remain firmly of the view that REL should not raise additional equity at a discount to NAV except under truly exceptional circumstances, and we have no intention to do so in the foreseeable future.
The investments made prior to the start of 2015 have proved resilient, but clearly not immune to the pressures facing the industry as energy prices and publicly-traded peer valuations have weakened. This has resulted in the fair market values of Liberty II, Eagle II, RCO and Fieldwood falling below our cost basis. In general, we believe that REL's strategy of gradually deploying capital, combined with the diversity of its portfolio across basins and hydrocarbons should prove to be relatively resilient. Of course, the low oil price environment has provided opportunities to acquire additional assets and enter into farm-in transactions at attractive valuations, which several of our portfolio companies did successfully during 2015, including Rock Oil, Carrier II, Liberty II and Origo.
During the year, REL announced changes to its Board. Lord Browne and Dr Tidu Maini stepped down from the Board at the AGM. Both made valuable contributions to REL in assisting with the IPO and our first eighteen months as a public company. On behalf of the Board, I would like to thank them again for their contribution. While their experience will be missed,
With energy prices at their lowest level in a decade and the capital markets closed to many energy producers, the industry is facing widespread distress. As in previous cycles, companies with strong capital discipline, conservative balance sheet management and access to low-cost resources are best positioned to withstand challenging times, and in many cases profit from them. We believe REL's prudent strategy will enable the Company to weather the storm.
Performance
REL closed 2015 with a NAV per Share of
The change in NAV was primarily influenced by two factors. Some of REL's investments with existing production experienced decreases in their fair market valuations due to movements in publicly traded comparables and low commodity prices. This was mitigated by our additional investment in CIOC following the completion of the Placing and Open Offer.
The rate of capital commitments continued throughout the year, with the Company announcing eight new commitments totalling
New capital commitments made during the year were
As discussed above, CIOC is a
Meritage III provides a wide range of midstream services and has entered into a take-or-pay contract with CIOC, which will assist the company in its production growth. CanEra III, the third partnership between Riverstone and CanEra III's management team, focuses on the acquisition, exploitation and exploration of large oil and/or gas-in-place deposits in the
In the onshore U.S., our additional commitments have focused on the low cost
Finally, REL has further strengthened its presence in the Gulf of
I would like to make one particular point with respect to our commitments. While we have committed more capital than we have raised or have available, we believe that this is prudent because the full commitment tends not to be invested due to a variety of factors, such as the portfolio company being sold earlier than anticipated or the targeted investment opportunity changing or disappearing. In addition, the board of each underlying portfolio company, more often than not controlled by Riverstone, has discretion over whether or not that capital is ultimately invested. Moreover, the Board has the ultimate decision as to whether or not the outstanding capital commitments are actually funded. Following the equity raise of
In the two years since its IPO, REL has executed its strategy of investing in high quality E&P and midstream assets. This has resulted in a portfolio that is comparatively resilient in weak markets. Meanwhile, our 16 portfolio companies are well-placed to benefit from some of the attractive opportunities emerging from industry restructuring.
Sir
Chairman
Investment Manager's Report
RESILIENT PORTFOLIO AMIDST TURBULENT ENERGY MARKETS
Energy prices were particularly volatile in 2015, following
The energy industry is facing profound pressure after oil prices declined by an additional 30 per cent. during 2015, resulting in prices more than halving from levels before
The current oil price volatility is not new. Riverstone's investment professionals have considerable experience operating through these cycles, and apply a disciplined approach to maintain the maximum amount of operational and capital flexibility under any commodity price environment. This is achieved by diversifying across geographies and energy segments, focusing on build-up strategies which deploy capital gradually across the cycle, partnering with experienced, operationally-focused management teams, hedging cash flows from producing assets, using moderate levels of debt with flexible covenant structures, and maintaining sufficiently high levels of liquidity to take advantage of attractive acquisition opportunities which often require nimble execution.
Over the past year, we have remained focused on ensuring the resilience of our portfolio to market volatility whilst also seeking to act on opportunities driven by this environment. As REL, through the Partnership, has full control over the deployment of capital in its portfolio companies, we have only invested in what we feel are the most attractive opportunities, which can deliver attractive returns even amidst lower commodity prices.
One such instance occurred in December, when REL took advantage of market turbulence by launching a tender for shares in CIOC with funds raised through a
With much of the North American E&P landscape lacking operational and/or capital flexibility, we believe that the current opportunity set in the North American upstream sector is arguably more robust than it has been at any time in recent history. Our flexible strategy and strong capital position enables us to take advantage of the market dislocation, while at the same time not deviating from the core tenets of our investment strategy: backing "best-in-class" management teams, building or acquiring premier assets, hedging commodity price risk and maintaining conservative capital structures.
We are confident that the long term outlook for the sector remains favourable. The Company, through the Partnership, is well resourced to be disciplined and patient, with significant capital to deploy in the form of committed but uninvested capital within the existing portfolio companies.
Investment Strategy
The Investment Manager's objective is to achieve superior risk adjusted returns by making privately negotiated control investments primarily in the exploration and production and midstream energy sectors, which is a significant component of virtually all major economies. Long-term market drivers of economic expansion, population growth, development of markets, deregulation, and privatisation allied to near-term commodity price volatility are expected to continue to create opportunities globally for Riverstone.
Key Drivers:
• Capital constraints among companies with high levels of leverage;
• Industry distress and pressures to rationalise assets;
• Growing success rates of deepwater exploration and other technology-driven sources of reserves; and
• Historical under-investment in energy infrastructure.
The Investment Manager, through its affiliates, has an outstanding track record of building businesses with exceptional management teams and of delivering consistently strong returns and significant outperformance against both crude oil and natural gas benchmarks. The Company aims to capitalise on the opportunities presented by Riverstone's pipeline of investments.
The Investment Manager utilises its extensive industry expertise and relationships to thoroughly evaluate investment opportunities and uses its significant experience in conducting due diligence, valuing assets and all other aspects of deal execution, including financial and legal structuring, accounting and compensation design. The Investment Manager also draws upon its network of relationships with industry-focused professional advisory firms to assist with due diligence in other areas such as accounting, tax, legal, employee benefits, environmental, engineering and insurance.
Investment Portfolio Summary
As of
CIOC (non-ECI)
CIOC is a private E&P company focused on unconventional oil and gas resources in
During the year, REL raised
As of
Rock Oil (ECI)
As of
As of
Liberty II (ECI)
As of
As of
CNOR (non-ECI)
As of
As of
Castex 2005 (ECI)
As of
As of
Fieldwood (ECI)
As of
In the fourth quarter of 2015, the fair market valuation for Fieldwood was reduced to 0.8x invested capital. This was primarily driven by a deterioration in the market valuations of publicly-traded peers operating in the shallow waters of Gulf of
As of
Eagle II (ECI)
As of
As of
Carrier II (ECI)
As of
Shortly after its establishment in
As of
After the end of the year, in
Castex 2014 (ECI)
As of
As of
ILX III (ECI)
As of
As of the end of 2015, ILX III was participating in the drilling of two exploration wells, with results expected in the first quarter of 2016.
As of
RCO
As of
Since its inception, RCO has made a total of 21 investments, four of which have already been fully exited.
As of
Meritage III (non-ECI)
As of
As of
Three Rivers III (ECI)
As of
As of
Origo (non-ECI)
As of
As of
Sierra (non-ECI)
As of
As of
CanEra III (non-ECI)
On
As of
Valuation
The Investment Manager is charged with proposing the valuation of the assets held by REL through the Partnership. The Partnership has directed that securities and instruments be valued at their fair value. REL's valuation policy follows IFRS and IPEV Valuation Guidelines. Riverstone values each underlying investment in accordance with the Riverstone valuation policy, the IFRS accounting standards and IPEV Valuation Guidelines. The value of REL's portion of that investment is derived by multiplying its ownership percentage by the value of the underlying investment. If there is any divergence between the Riverstone valuation policy and REL's valuation policy, the Partnership's proportion of the total holding will follow REL's valuation policy. There were no valuation adjustments recorded by REL as a result of differences in IFRS and U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Policies for the year ended
Riverstone values its investments using common industry valuation techniques, including comparable public market valuation, comparable merger and acquisition transaction valuation, and discounted cash flow valuation.
For development-type investments, Riverstone also considers the recognition of appreciation or depreciation of subsequent financing rounds, if any. For those early stage privately held companies where there are other indicators of a decline in the value of the investment, Riverstone will value the investment accordingly even in the absence of a subsequent financing round.
Riverstone reviews the valuations on a quarterly basis with the assistance of the Riverstone investment committee as part of the valuation process.
As stated within the Annual Report and Financial Statements, the Audit Committee reviews the valuations of the Company's investments held through the Partnership, and makes a recommendation to the Board for formal consideration and acceptance.
Uninvested Cash
Of the
In connection with the listing of REL on the
Subsequent Events and Outlook
In
The careful execution of Riverstone's proven investment strategy has helped the REL portfolio remain resilient amidst extraordinary energy market turbulence. With a strong capital position and access to sixteen management teams, REL is well placed to benefit from opportunities in the current commodity price environment.
(1) Gross MOIC is Gross Multiple of
(2) Includes KFI's second tranche of
(3) The Company retained
Investment Policy
REL invests exclusively in the global energy industry, with a particular focus on the exploration and production, credit and midstream sectors. The Company may also make investments in other energy sub-sectors (including energy services and power and coal). REL is well positioned to take advantage of, and benefit from, the large number of investment opportunities being driven by the current commodity price environment, as well as continued growth in global energy demand, the North American energy revolution, asset rationalisation by larger companies, and growing deepwater exploration success rates. Since REL, through the Partnership, invests alongside the Private Riverstone Funds in all Qualifying Investments in which the Private Riverstone Funds participate, REL presents a unique opportunity for public market investors to gain exposure to Riverstone's investments in the very attractive global energy sector.
The Investment Manager intends to manage investments for the benefit of all of its investors. If any matter arises that the Investment Manager determines in its good faith judgment constitutes an actual conflict of interest, the Investment Manager may take such actions as may be necessary or appropriate, having regard to all relevant terms of the Investment Management Agreement, to manage the conflict (and upon taking such actions the Investment Manager will be considered to have discharged responsibility for managing such
conflict). The Directors are required by the Registered Collective Investment Schemes Rules 2015
issued by the GFSC to take all reasonable steps to ensure that there is no breach of the conflicts of interest
requirements of those rules.
Asset Allocation
The Company acquires its interests in each Qualifying Investment at the same time (or as near as practicable thereto) as, and on substantially the same economic and financial terms as, the relevant Private Riverstone Funds.
The Company and the current Private Riverstone Funds, (Fund V and Fund VI) invest in each Qualifying Investment in which the Private Riverstone Funds participate in a ratio of one-third to REL to two-thirds to the Private Riverstone Funds. This investment ratio is subject to adjustment on a case-by-case basis (a) to take account of the liquid assets available to each of the Company and the Private Riverstone Funds for investment at the relevant time and any other investment limitations applicable to either of them or otherwise and (b) if both (i) a majority of the Company's independent Directors and (ii) the Investment Manager agree that the investment ratio should be adjusted for specific Qualifying Investments.
For each
Such investment ratio may be adjusted by agreement between the Company's independent Directors and the Investment Manager on subsequent closings of a
The Investment Manager typically seeks to ensure that the Company and the Private Riverstone Funds dispose of their interests in Qualifying Investments at the same time, on substantially the same terms, and in the case of partial disposals, in the same ratio as the relevant Qualifying Investment was acquired, but this may not always be the case.
In addition, the Company may at any time make investments consistent with its investment policy independent from Private Riverstone Funds, which may include investments alongside Riverstone employee co-investment vehicles or other Riverstone managed or advised co-investment vehicles. In such cases, approval by the Board is required.
The Company invests in public or private securities, may hold controlling or non-controlling positions in its investments and may make investments in the form of equity, equity-related instruments, indebtedness or derivatives (or a combination of any of them). The Company does not permit any investments to be the subject of stock lending or sale and repurchase of shares.
Diversification
No one investment made by the Company, through the Partnership, may (at the time of the relevant investment) represent more than 25 per cent. of the Company's gross assets, including cash holdings, measured at the time the investment is made. The Company utilises the Partnership and its subsidiary undertakings or other similar investment holding structures to make investments and this limitation does not apply to its ownership interest in any such subsidiary undertaking (nor, for the avoidance of doubt, to the Company's interest in the Partnership).
Gearing
The Company can, but is not required to, incur indebtedness for investment purposes, to the extent that such indebtedness is a precursor to an ultimate equity investment, working capital requirements and to fund own-share purchases or retentions up to a maximum of 30 per cent. of the last published NAV as at the time of the borrowing unless approved by the Company by an ordinary resolution. This limitation does not apply to portfolio level entities in respect of which the Company is invested but it does apply to all subsidiary undertakings utilised by the Company or the Partnership for the purposes of making investments. The consent of a majority of the Company's Directors shall be required for the Company or the Partnership to enter into any credit or other borrowing facility.
The Company must at all times comply with its published investment policy. For so long as the Ordinary Shares are listed on the Official List, no material change may be made to the Company's investment policy other than with the prior approval of both the Company's Shareholders and a majority of the independent Directors of the Company, and otherwise in accordance with the Listing Rules.
Investment Restrictions
The Company is subject to the following investment restrictions:
· for so long as required by the Listing Rules, it will at all times seek to ensure that the Investment Manager invests and manages the Company's and the Partnership's assets in a way which is consistent with the Company's objective of spreading risk and in accordance with the Company's investment policy;
· for so long as required by the Listing Rules, it must not conduct a trading activity which is significant in the context of the Company and its Investment Undertakings;
· for so long as required by the Listing Rules, not more than 10 per cent. of the value of its total assets will be invested in other
· any investment restrictions that may be imposed by
Currency and interest rate hedging transactions will only be undertaken for the purpose of efficient portfolio management and these transactions will not be undertaken for speculative purposes.
"The Company invests in the global energy sector, which is undergoing significant transformation driven in large part by a revolution in horizontal drilling and completion technology."
Board of Directors
Sir
Appointment: Appointed to the Board and became Chairman in
Experience: Sir
Committee Membership: Nomination Committee Chairman, Management Engagement Committee Chairman
Appointment: Appointed to the Board in
Experience: Mr Barker was former California Chairman of
Committee Membership: Audit Committee Member; Nomination Committee Member; Management Engagement Committee Member
Appointment: Appointed to the Board in
Experience: Mr Firth qualified as a Chartered Accountant with KPMG Guernsey in 1991 and is also a member of the
Committee Membership: Audit Committee Member; Nomination Committee Member; Management Engagement Committee Member
Appointment: Appointed to the Board in
Experience: Mr Hackett is a Partner and Managing Director of Riverstone and was, before becoming a director of the Company, Executive Chairman of the Board of
Committee Membership: None
Appointment: Appointed to the Board in
Experience: Mr Hayden serves as Non-executive Chairman of
Committee Membership: Audit Committee Chairman
Appointment: Appointed to the Board in
Experience: Mr Lapeyre is a Founder and Senior Managing Director of Riverstone. He is based in
While at Goldman Sachs, Mr Lapeyre served as sector captain for the midstream and energy services segments, led the group's coverage of Asian energy companies and was extensively involved in the origination and execution of energy private equity investments on behalf of the firm. Mr Lapeyre was responsible for managing Goldman Sachs' leading franchise in master limited partnerships. He was also asked to lead the group's agency and principal investment effort in energy/power technology. At Goldman Sachs Mr Lapeyre had relationship and deal execution responsibilities for a broad range of energy clients.
Mr Lapeyre serves on the boards of directors or equivalent bodies of a number of portfolio companies in which Other Riverstone Funds have investment interests. Mr Lapeyre is a U.S. resident.
Committee Membership: None
Appointment: Appointed to the Board in
Experience: Mr Leuschen is a Founder and Senior Managing Director of Riverstone. He is based in
Mr Leuschen was responsible for building the Goldman Sachs energy and power investment banking practice into one of the leading franchises in the global energy and power industry. During this period, Mr Leuschen and his team participated in a large number of the major energy and power M&A transactions worldwide. Mr Leuschen also was a founder of Goldman Sachs' leading master limited partnership franchise. Mr Leuschen also served as Chairman of the Goldman Sachs Energy Investment Committee, where he was responsible for screening potential capital commitments by Goldman Sachs in the energy and power industry and was responsible for establishing and managing the firm's relationships with senior executives from leading companies in all segments of the energy and power industry.
Mr Leuschen also serves on the boards of directors or equivalent bodies of a number of portfolio companies in which Other Riverstone Funds have investment interests. Mr Leuschen is a U.S. resident.
Committee Membership: None
Appointment: Appointed to the Board in
Experience: Mrs Whittet has over 38 years of experience in the financial services industry. After obtaining a MA (Hons) in Geography from the
Committee Membership: Audit Committee Member; Nomination Committee Member; Management Engagement Committee Member
Report of the Directors
The Directors hereby submit the Annual Report and Audited Financial Statements for the Company for the year ended
General Information
Principal Activities
The principal activity of the Company is to act as an investment entity through the Partnership and make privately negotiated equity investments in the energy sector.
The Company's investment objective is to generate long-term capital growth by investing in the global energy sector, with a particular focus on opportunities in the global exploration and production and midstream energy sub-sectors.
Business Review
A review of the Company's business and its likely future development is provided in the Chairman's Statement and in the Investment Manager's Report.
Listing Requirements
Since being admitted on
Results and Dividend
The results of the Company for the year are shown in the audited Statement of Comprehensive Income.
The Net Asset Value of the Company as at
The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend in respect of the year ended
Share Capital
At incorporation on
KFI, one of the
On
Following admission of the new Ordinary Shares, the share capital of the Company is 84,480,064 Ordinary Shares in aggregate.
The Company has one class of Ordinary Shares. The issued nominal value of the Ordinary Shares represents 100 per cent. of the total issued nominal value of all share capital. Under the Company's Articles of Incorporation, on a show of hands, each Shareholder present in person or by proxy has the right to one vote at general meetings. On a poll, each Shareholder is entitled to one vote for every share held.
Shareholders are entitled to all dividends paid by the Company and, on a winding up, provided the Company has satisfied all of its liabilities, the Shareholders are entitled to all of the surplus assets of the Company.
The Ordinary Shares have no right to fixed income.
(1) Gross of share issuance costs of
Shareholdings of the Directors
The Directors with beneficial interests in the shares of the Company as at
Director | Ordinary Shares held 31 December 2015 | Per cent. Holding at 31 December 2015 | Ordinary Shares held 31 December 2014 | Per cent. Holding at 31 December 2014 |
Sir Robert Wilson(2) | 20,000 | 0.024 | 20,000 | 0.026 |
Peter Barker(2)(3) | 5,000 | 0.006 | 5,000 | 0.007 |
Patrick Firth(2)(3) | 4,000 | 0.005 | 4,000 | 0.005 |
Richard Hayden(2)(4) | 10,000 | 0.012 | 10,000 | 0.013 |
Pierre Lapeyre(1) | - | - | - | - |
David Leuschen(1) | - | - | - | - |
Dr Tidu Maini(2)(5) | - | - | 5,000 | 0.007 |
Claire Whittet(2) | - | - | - | - |
Lord John Browne(5) | - | - | - | - |
James Hackett | - | - | - | - |
(1) Mr Lapeyre and Mr Leuschen, as well as other Riverstone senior management, have a beneficial interest in
(2) Non-executive Independent Director
(3) Ordinary Shares held jointly with spouses
(4) Senior Independent Director
(5) Stepped down from his duties on the Board on13 May 2015
There have been no changes to the Directors' Shareholdings since
Directors' Authority to Buy Back Shares
At the AGM on
In accordance with the Company's Articles of Incorporation and Companies Law, up to 10 per cent. of the Company's Ordinary Shares may be held as treasury shares. The Company did not purchase any shares for treasury or cancellation up to the date of this report.
The Company maintains insurance in respect of directors' and officers' liability in relation to their acts on behalf of the Company.
Substantial Shareholdings
As at
Shareholder | Shareholding | Per cent. Holding | Nature of Holding |
AKRC Investments LLC(1) | 24,283,265 | 28.74 | Indirect |
Kendall Family Investments LLC(1) | 10,000,000 | 11.84 | Direct |
REL Coinvestment, LP | 5,000,000 | 5.92 | Direct |
Hunt(1),(2) | 4,996,109 | 5.91 | Direct |
Casita, L.P.(1) | 4,805,000 | 5.69 | Direct |
(1) Held by a Cornerstone Investor
(2) Held in aggregate by Hunt
In addition, the Company also provides the same information as at
Shareholder | Shareholding | Per cent. Holding | Nature of Holding |
AKRC Investments LLC(1) | 24,283,265 | 28.74 | Indirect |
Kendall Family Investments LLC(1) | 10,000,000 | 11.84 | Direct |
REL Coinvestment, LP | 5,000,000 | 5.92 | Direct |
Hunt(1),(2) | 4,996,109 | 5.91 | Direct |
Casita, L.P.(1) | 4,805,000 | 5.69 | Direct |
(1) Held by a Cornerstone Investor
(2) Held in aggregate by Hunt
The Directors confirm that there are no securities in issue that carry special rights with regards to the control of the Company.
The Company's issued share capital consists of 84,480,064 Ordinary Shares. Under the Company's Articles of Incorporation, on a show of hands, each Shareholder present in person or by proxy has the right to one vote at general meetings. On a poll, each Shareholder is entitled to one vote for every share held.
Independent External Auditor
Articles of Incorporation
The Company's Articles of Incorporation may only be amended by special resolution of the Shareholders.
Non-mainstream Pooled Investments
The Board has concluded that the Company's Ordinary Shares are not non-mainstream pooled investments for the purposes of the FCA rules regarding the restrictions on the promotion to retail investors of unregulated collective investment schemes and close substitutes, meaning that the restrictions on promotion imposed by the FCA rules do not apply. It is the Board's intention that the Company conducts its affairs so that these restrictions will continue to remain inapplicable.
AIFMD
REL is regarded as an externally managed non-EEA AIF under the AIFM Directive. RIL is the Investment Manager of the Company as its non-EEA AIFM. The AIFMD outlines the required information which has to be made available to investors in an AIF and directs that material changes to this information be disclosed in the Annual Report of the AIF. All information required to be disclosed under the AIFMD is either disclosed in this Annual Report or is detailed in the Appendix entitled AIFMD Disclosures on page 178 in REL's latest Prospectuses which can be obtained through the Company's website www.RiverstoneREL.com. The AIFM has no remuneration within the current or prior year that falls within the scope of Article 22 of the Directive.
RIL provides AIFMD compliant management services to REL. The AIFM acting on behalf of the AIF, wishes to appoint
FATCA
The Company continues to comply with FATCA's requirements to the extent relevant to the Company.
General Partner's Performance Allocation and Management Fees
The General Partner's Performance Allocation is equal to 20 per cent. of all realised pre-tax profits without regard to realised losses as disclosed in the Company's Prospectuses. In particular, taxes on realised gains from ECI investments, as shown in the Investment Manager's Report, can be substantial at rates up to 40 per cent. The Company is not an umbrella collective investment undertaking and therefore has no gross liability.
The General Partner's Performance Allocation is calculated under the terms of the Partnership Agreement and as described in the Prospectuses.
The Performance Allocation is calculated on a quarterly basis, which is taken into account when calculating the fair value of the Company's investment in the Partnership, as described in Note 11. The fair value of the Company's investment in the Partnership is after the calculation of Management Fees, as described in Note 11.
The financial effect of the General Partner's Performance Allocation, Management Fees and any taxes on ECI investments is shown in Note 6.
Change of Control
There are no agreements that the Company considers significant and to which the Company is party that would take effect, alter or terminate upon change of control of the Company following a takeover bid.
Going Concern and Viability Statement
The Company's Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with the AIC Code and presented on a going concern basis. As further disclosed in the Corporate Governance Report, the Company is a member of the AIC and complies with the AIC Code which was revised in
Of the
In light of the above, the Directors are satisfied that it is appropriate to apply the going concern basis in preparing the Financial Statements. In reaching this conclusion, the Board has considered budgeted and projected results of the business, projected cash flow, regulatory capital requirements and the risks that could impact the Company's liquidity over the next twelve months.
As required by the AIC Code, the Directors have also assessed the prospects of the Company over a longer period than the twelve months required by the going concern provision. The Board has conducted this review for a period covering the next three years to
In making their assessment, the Directors have taken into account all of the principal risks and their mitigation identified in the Principal Risk and Uncertainties section of the Corporate Governance Report, the nature of the Company's business, including the substantial reserve of cash and money market fixed deposits at the Partnership, the potential of its portfolio of investments at the Partnership to generate future income and capital proceeds, and the ability of the Directors to minimise the level of cash outflows, should this be necessary. Of the identified Principal Risks and Uncertainties the most relevant potential impact of these risks on viability was considered to be:
· The change in the price of oil could adversely affect the investment valuations through the public market trading and transaction comparables, the discounted cash flow discount rates and potentially limit exit opportunities.
· The regulatory and tax environment of the Company's target investments is potentially subject to change, which may adversely affect the value or liquidity of investments held by the Company or its ability to obtain leverage.
· The Company will be exposed to increased risk by investing in build-up and early-stage investments and are comparably more vulnerable to financial failure than more established companies.
On a quarterly basis, the Directors review the Company's risk matrix to identify any changes required due to recent developments with the Company and / or the global market.
Although the Investment Manager has agreed to a maximum commitment amount for each investment, the Company, through the Partnership, is not contractually obligated to fund any, or all, of the amount and will continue to evaluate the ongoing suitability of the investment before each funding. In the event that the Company, through the Partnership, does not have adequate available capital or is otherwise barred from or unable to provide capital to an existing investment at the time additional capital is required for such investment, Riverstone expects to revise the allocation ratio of the Riverstone holding vehicle to permit the Private Riverstone Funds, one or more other Riverstone funds or managed accounts, or any other person to provide the necessary capital.The Investment Manager continues to consider the future cash needs of the Company before executing a funding to a portfolio company. Furthermore, the Company's Board receives regular updates from the Investment Manager on the Company's cash position, which allows both to maintain their fiduciary responsibility to the Company's Shareholders and limit remaining investment on existing commitments as required.
In order for the Board to be in position to conclude on the Company's viability over the three year period, the Investment Manager completed a working capital cash flow model for the Company, including the Partnership, which forecasted base and worst case scenarios by stress testing key variables such as capital deployment rate, Gross IRR earned on investments, Management Fees and operating expenses. To be conservative for this analysis, no capital raises or realisations were assumed to occur during the three year period. Within the three year period, assuming all factors apart from capital deployment rate remain constant, a 40 per cent. reduction in the capital deployment rate from 15 months to 21 months could result in an approximate 2 per cent. reduction in the Company's NAV. Only an unprecedented and long-term decline in global oil and gas consumption would threaten the Company.
Based on the aforementioned procedures performed in making this assessment and the internal control processes of both the Company and Investment Manager, the Board has concluded that there is a reasonable expectation that the Company will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over that period.
Financial Risk Management Policies and Objectives
Financial Risk Management Policies and Objectives are disclosed in Note 12 and the Investment Manager's Report.
Principal Risk and Uncertainties
Principal Risk and Uncertainties are discussed in the Corporate Governance Report.
Subsequent Events
Subsequent Events are disclosed in Note 16 and the Investment Manager's Report.
Annual General Meetings
The AGM of the Company will be held at
Members of the Board, including the Chairman and the Audit Committee chairman, will be in attendance at the AGM and will be available to answer Shareholder questions.
By order of the Board
Sir
Chairman
Directors' Responsibilities Statement
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
The Companies Law requires the Directors to prepare Financial Statements for each financial year. Under the Companies Law, the Directors must not approve the Financial Statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing these Financial Statements, the Directors are required to:
· select suitable accounting policies in accordance with IAS 8: Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors and then apply them consistently;
· make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
· present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information;
· provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRS are insufficient to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the Company's financial position and financial performance;
· state that the Company has complied with IFRS, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the Financial Statements; and
· prepare the Financial Statements on a going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.
The Directors confirm that they have complied with the above requirements in preparing the Financial Statements.
The Directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records, which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time, the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the Financial Statements comply with Companies Law. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud, error and non-compliance with law and regulations.
The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the Company's website (www.RiverstoneREL.com). The work carried out by the external auditor does not involve considerations of these matters and, accordingly, the external auditor accepts no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the Financial Statements since they were initially presented on the website.
Legislation in
Responsibility Statement of the Directors in Respect of the Annual Report under the Disclosure and Transparency Rules
Each of the Directors confirms to the best of their knowledge and belief that:
· the Financial Statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Company;
· the Annual Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Company, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties faced; and
· the Annual Report and Financial Statements include information required by the
Directors' statement under the Corporate Governance Code
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Having taken advice from the Investment Manager, the Directors consider the Annual Report and Financial Statements, taken as a whole, as fair, balanced and understandable and that it provides the information necessary for Shareholders to assess the Company's performance, business model and strategy.
By order of the Board
Sir Robert Wilson | Richard Hayden |
Chairman | Director |
25 February 2016 | 25 February 2016 |
Corporate Governance Report
All companies with a premium listing of equity shares in the
The Company became a member of the AIC effective
The GFSC has also confirmed that companies that report against the Corporate Governance Code or AIC Code are deemed to meet the GFSC Code.
The Board monitors developments in corporate governance to ensure the Board remains aligned with best practice especially with respect to the increased focus on diversity. The Board acknowledges the importance of diversity, including gender, for the effective functioning of the Board and commits to supporting diversity in the boardroom. It is the Board's ongoing aspiration to have a well diversified representation. The Board also values diversity of business skills and experience because Directors with diverse skills sets, capabilities and experience gained from different geographical backgrounds enhance the Board by bringing a wide range of perspectives to the Company.
The AIC Code, as explained by the AIC Guide, addresses all the principles set out in the Corporate Governance Code, as well as setting out additional principles and recommendations on issues that are of specific relevance to investment companies such as the Company. The Board considers that reporting against the principles and recommendations of the AIC Code, by reference to the AIC Guide, provides better information to Shareholders.
The AIC Code and the AIC Guide are available on the AIC's website, www.theaic.co.uk. The Corporate Governance Code is available on the
The Company has complied with the recommendations of the AIC Code and the relevant provisions of the Corporate Governance Code, except as set out below.
The Corporate Governance Code includes provisions relating to:
· the role of the chief executive;
· executive directors' remuneration; and
· the need for an internal audit function.
For the reasons set out in the AIC Guide, and as explained in the Corporate Governance Code, the Board considers that the above provisions are not currently relevant to the position of the Company, being an externally managed investment company, which delegates most day-to-day functions to third parties.
The Company does not have a chief executive or any executive directors. The Company has not established a separate remuneration committee as the Company has no executive officers and the Board is satisfied that any relevant issues that arise can be properly considered by the Board.
The Company has no employees or internal operations and has therefore not reported further in respect of these provisions. The need for an internal audit function is discussed in the Audit Committee report.
The Board
The Company believes that the composition of the Board is a fundamental driver of its success as the Board must provide strong and effective leadership of the Company. The current Board was selected, as their biographies illustrate, to bring a breadth of knowledge, skills and business experience to the Company.
The Board consists of eight Non-Executive Directors (
The Chairman of the Board must be independent and is appointed in accordance with the Company's Articles of Incorporation. Sir
· has no current or historical employment with the Investment Manager;
· has no current directorships or partnerships in any other investment funds managed by the Investment Manager; and
· is not an executive of a self-managed company or an ex-employee who has left the executive team of a self-managed company within the last five years.
New Directors receive an induction from the Investment Manager and all Directors receive other relevant training as necessary.
At each subsequent Annual General Meeting of the Company, each of the Directors at the date of the notice convening the Annual General Meeting shall retire from office and may offer themselves for election or re-election by the Shareholders.
The Board meets at least four times a year for regular, scheduled meetings and, should the nature of the activity of the Company require it, additional meetings may be held, some at short notice. At each meeting the Board follows a formal agenda that covers the business to be discussed. The primary focus at Board meetings is a review of investment performance and associated matters such as asset allocation, share price discount/premium management, investor relations, peer group information, gearing, industry issues and principal risks and uncertainties in particular those identified at the end of this report.
Between meetings there is regular contact with the Investment Manager and the Administrator, and the Board requires to be supplied in a timely manner with information by the Investment Manager, the Company Secretary and other advisers in a form and of a quality to enable it to discharge its duties.
The Company has adopted a share dealing code for the Board and will seek to ensure compliance by the Board and relevant personnel of the Investment Manager and other third party service providers with the terms of the share dealing code. The share dealing code is compliant with the Model Code for Directors' Dealings contained in the Listing Rules.
Board Tenure and Re-election
No member of the Board has served for longer than eight years to date. As such no issue has arisen to be considered by the Board with respect to long tenure. In accordance with the AIC Code, when and if any director shall have been in office (or on re-election would at the end of that term of office) for more than nine years the Company will consider further whether there is a risk that such a director might reasonably be deemed to have lost independence through such long service.
A Director who retires at an Annual General Meeting may, if willing to continue to act, be elected or re-elected at that meeting. If, at a general meeting at which a Director retires, the Company neither re-elects that Director nor appoints another person to the Board in the place of that Director, the retiring Director shall, if willing to act, be deemed to have been re-elected unless at the general meeting it is resolved not to fill the vacancy or unless a resolution for the re-election of the Director is put to the meeting and not passed.
Directors do not have service contracts. Directors are appointed under letters of appointment, copies of which are available at the registered office of the Company. The Board considers its composition and succession planning on an ongoing basis.
Directors' Remuneration
The level of remuneration of the non-executive Directors reflects the time commitment and responsibilities of their roles. The remuneration of the non-executive Directors does not include any share options or other performance related elements and there are no plans to seek any Shareholder waivers to deviate from this or to increase the existing level of remuneration set for non-executive Directors.
The Chairman is entitled to annual remuneration of
During the year ended
2015 ($'000) | 2014 ($'000) | |
Sir Robert Wilson (1) | 177 | 187 |
Peter Barker (1) | 88 | 93 |
Lord John Browne (3) | - | - |
Patrick Firth (1) | 88 | 93 |
James Hackett | - | - |
Richard Hayden (1)(2) | 88 | 93 |
Pierre Lapeyre | - | - |
David Leuschen | - | - |
Dr Tidu Maini (3) | 32 | 93 |
Claire Whittet (4) | 56 | - |
(1) Non-executive Independent Director
(2) Senior Independent Director
(3) Stepped down from their duties on the Board on
(4) Appointed to the Board on
The above fees due to the Directors are for the year ended
Duties and Responsibilities
The Board is responsible to Shareholders for the overall management of the Company. The duties and powers reserved for the Board include decisions relating to the determination of investment policy and approval of investments in certain instances, strategy, capital raising, statutory obligations and public disclosure, financial reporting and entering into any material contracts by the Company.
The Board has overall responsibility for maximising the Company's success by directing and supervising the affairs of the business and meeting the appropriate interests of Shareholders and relevant stakeholders, while enhancing the value of the Company and also ensuring the protection of investors. A summary of the Board's responsibilities is as follows:
· statutory obligations and public disclosure;
· strategic matters and financial reporting;
· risk assessment and management including reporting, compliance, governance, monitoring and control; and
· other matters having a material effect on the Company.
The Directors have access to the advice and services of the Administrator, who is responsible to the Board for ensuring that Board procedures are followed and that it complies with Companies Law and applicable rules and regulations of the GFSC and the LSE. Where necessary, in carrying out their duties, the Directors may seek independent professional advice and services at the expense of the Company. The Company maintains directors' and officers' liability insurance in respect of legal action against its Directors on an ongoing basis.
The Board's responsibilities for the Annual Report are set out in the Directors' Responsibility Statement. The Board is also responsible for issuing appropriate half-yearly financial reports, quarterly portfolio valuations and other price-sensitive public reports.
Directors' attendance at Board and Committee Meetings:
One of the key criteria the Company uses when selecting non-executive Directors is their confirmation prior to their appointment that they will be able to allocate sufficient time to the Company to discharge their responsibilities in a timely and effective manner. The Board formally met four times during the year with attendance further set out below:
Director | Scheduled Board Meetings (max 4) | Board Committee Meetings (max 2) | Audit Committee Meetings (max 4) | Nomination Committee Meetings (max 1) | Management Engagement Committee Meetings (max 1) |
Sir Robert Wilson (1) | 4 | n/a | n/a | 1 | 1 |
Peter Barker (1) | 4 | n/a | 4 | 1 | 1 |
Lord John Browne (3) | 1 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Patrick Firth (1) | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
James Hackett | 4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Richard Hayden (1)(2) | 4 | n/a | 4 | n/a | n/a |
Pierre Lapeyre | 4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
David Leuschen | 4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Dr Tidu Maini (1) (3) | 2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Claire Whittet(4)(5) | 3 | 2 | 1 | n/a | n/a |
(1) Non-executive Independent Director
(2) Senior Independent Director
(3) Stepped down from their duties on the Board on
(4) Ms. Whittet was appointed to the Board from
(5) Ms. Whittet was appointed to the Audit Committee, Nomination Committee and Management Engagement Committee from
A quorum is comprised of any two or more members of the Board from time to time, to perform administrative and other routine functions on behalf of the board, subject to such limitations as the Board may expressly impose on this committee from time to time.
Committees of the Board
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is chaired by Mr Hayden and comprises Mr Barker and Mr Firth. Ms. Whittet was also formally appointed to the Audit Committee on
Nomination Committee
The Nomination Committee is chaired by Sir
The Nomination Committee meets at least once a year pursuant to its terms of reference which are available on the Company's website (www.RiverstoneREL.com) and met on
The Board is satisfied with the current composition and functioning of its members. When appointing Board members, its priority is based on merit, but will be influenced by the strong desire to maintain board diversity, including gender.
All Directors are subject to annual re-election by Shareholders at the AGM.
Management Engagement Committee
The Management Engagement Committee is chaired by Sir
The Management Engagement Committee provides a formal mechanism for the review of the performance of the Investment Manager and the Company's other advisors and service providers. It carries out this review through consideration of a number of objective and subjective criteria and through a review of the terms and conditions of the advisors' appointments with the aim of evaluating performance, identifying any weaknesses and ensuring value for money for the Shareholders.
Following discussion, it is the opinion of the Management Engagement Committee that the performance of the Investment Manager for the year ended
Board Performance and Evaluation
In accordance with Principle 7 of the AIC Code which requires a formal and rigorous annual evaluation of its performance, the Board formally reviews its performance annually through an internal process. Internal evaluation of the Board, the Audit Committee, the Nomination Committee, the Management Engagement Committee and individual Directors has taken the form of self-appraisal questionnaires and discussions to determine effectiveness and performance in various areas as well as the Directors' continued independence.
During the year, a formal Board performance appraisal was carried out. The results have been collated and reviewed whereby it was noted that overall performance of the Board during the year had been satisfactory and that the Board is confident in its ability to continue effectively to lead the Company and oversee its affairs. The Board believes that the current mix of skills, experience, knowledge and age of the Directors is appropriate to the requirements of the Company.
New Directors receive an induction on joining the Board and regularly meet with the senior management employed by the Investment Manager both formally and informally to ensure that the Board remains regularly updated on all issues. All members of the Board are members of professional bodies and serve on other Boards, which ensures they are kept abreast of the latest technical developments in their areas of expertise.
The Board arranges for presentations from the Investment Manager, the Company's brokers and other advisors on matters relevant to the Company's business. The Board assesses the training needs of Directors on an annual basis.
Internal Control and Financial Reporting
The Directors acknowledge that they are responsible for establishing and maintaining the Company's system of internal control and reviewing its effectiveness. Internal control systems are designed to manage rather than eliminate the failure to achieve business objectives and can only provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material misstatements or loss. The Directors carry out a robust assessment of the principal risks facing the Company, including those that would threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity. The key procedures which have been established to provide internal control are that:
· the Board has delegated the day-to-day operations of the Company to the Administrator and Investment Manager; however, it retains accountability for all functions it delegates;
· the Board clearly defines the duties and responsibilities of the Company's agents and advisors and appointments are made by the Board after due and careful consideration. The Board monitors the ongoing performance of such agents and advisors and will continue to do so through the Management Engagement Committee;
· the Board monitors the actions of the Investment Manager at regular Board meetings and is given frequent updates on developments arising from the operations and strategic direction of the underlying investee companies;
· the Administrator provides administration and company secretarial services to the Company.
The Administrator maintains a system of internal control on which they report to the Board; and
· the Board has reviewed the need for an internal audit function and has decided that the systems and procedures employed by the Administrator and Investment Manager, including their own internal controls and procedures, provide sufficient assurance that an appropriate level of risk management and internal control, which safeguards Shareholders' investment and the Company's assets, is maintained. An internal audit function specific to the Company is therefore considered unnecessary.
The Administrator and Investment Manager both operate risk controlled frameworks on a continual ongoing basis within a regulated environment. The Administrator has undertaken an ISAE 3402: Assurance Reports on Controls at a
The systems of control referred to above are designed to ensure effectiveness and efficient operation, internal control and compliance with laws and regulations. In establishing the systems of internal control, regard is paid to the materiality of relevant risks, the likelihood of costs being incurred and costs of control. It follows therefore that the systems of internal control can only provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against the risk of material misstatement or loss.
Investment Management Agreement
The Investment Manager has been appointed as the sole investment manager of the Company and the Partnership. Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, the Investment Manager has responsibility for and discretion over investing and managing the Company's and the Partnership's direct and indirect assets, subject to and in accordance with the Company's investment policy. The Investment Manager is entitled to delegate all or part of its functions under the Investment Management Agreement to one or more of its affiliates.
The Company has delegated the provision of all services to external service providers whose work is overseen by the Management Engagement Committee at its regular scheduled meetings. Each year a detailed review of performance pursuant to their terms of engagement is undertaken by the Management Engagement Committee.
In accordance with Listing Rule 15.6.2(2)R and having formally appraised the performance and resources of the Investment Manager, in the opinion of the Directors their continuing appointment of the Investment Manager on the terms agreed is in the interests of the Shareholders as a whole.
Relations with Shareholders
The Board welcomes Shareholders' views and places great importance on communication with its Shareholders. The Company's AGM provides a forum for Shareholders to meet and discuss issues with the Directors of the Company. The Chairman and other directors are also available to meet with Shareholders at other times, if required. In addition, the Company maintains a website (www.RiverstoneREL.com) which contains comprehensive information, including company notifications, share information, financial reports, investment objectives and policy, investor contacts and information on the Board and corporate governance.
The Investment Manager has regular contact with Shareholders, in particular
Principal Risks and Uncertainties
The Company's assets consist of investments, through the Partnership, within the global energy sector, with a particular focus on opportunities in the global exploration and production and midstream energy sub-sectors. Its principal risks are therefore related to market conditions in the energy sector in general, but also the particular circumstances of the businesses in which it is invested through the Partnership. The Investment Manager to the Partnership seeks to mitigate these risks through active asset management initiatives and carrying out due diligence work on potential targets before entering into any investments.
Each Director is fully aware of the risks inherent in the Company's business and understands the importance of identifying, evaluating and monitoring these risks. The Board has adopted procedures and controls that enable it to carry out a robust assessment of the risks facing the Company, manage these risks within acceptable limits and to meet all of its legal and regulatory obligations.
The Board thoroughly considers the process for identifying, evaluating and managing any significant risks faced by the Company on an ongoing basis and these risks are reported and discussed at Board meetings. It ensures that effective controls are in place to mitigate these risks and that a satisfactory compliance regime exists to ensure all applicable local and international laws and regulations are upheld.
For each material risk, the likelihood and consequence are identified, management controls and frequency of monitoring are confirmed and results reported and discussed at the quarterly Board meetings.
The Company's principal risk factors are fully discussed in the Prospectuses, available on the Company's website (www.RiverstoneREL.com) and should be reviewed by Shareholders.
The key areas of risk faced by the Company are summarised below:
1. The Company intends to only invest in the global energy sector, with a particular focus on oil and gas exploration and production, and midstream investments, which will expose it to concentration risk.
2. The Ordinary Shares may trade at a discount to NAV per Share for reasons including but not limited to: market conditions, liquidity concerns and actual or expected Company performance. As such no guarantee that attempts to mitigate such discount will be successful or that the use of discount control mechanisms will be possible, advisable or adopted by the Company.
3. Investments in the exploration and production and midstream sectors of the global energy sector involve a degree of inherent risk.
· The countries in which the Company invests may be exposed to geopolitical risks.
· The change in the price of oil could adversely affect the investment valuations through the public market trading and transaction comparables, the discounted cash flow discount rates, and potentially limit exit opportunities.
· A change in interest rates could adversely affect efficient access to debt as a source of capital for both portfolio investments and potential buyers of portfolio investments.
· The regulatory and tax environment of the Company's target investments is potentially subject to change, which may adversely affect the value or liquidity of investments held by the Company or its ability to obtain leverage.
· The Company will be exposed to increased risk by investing in build-up and early-stage investments that have little or no operating history and are comparably more vulnerable to financial failure than more established companies. The investor should be aware there can be no assurance that losses generated by these types of entities will be offset by gains (if any) realised on the Company's other investments.
· An investment's requirements for additional capital may require the Company to invest more capital than it had originally planned or result in the dilution of the Company's investment or a decrease in the value of that investment.
· The Company may not have sufficient "dry powder" to participate in all investment opportunities presented.
These inherent risks associated with investments in the global energy sector could result in a material adverse effect on the Company's performance and the value of Ordinary Shares.
The above key risks are mitigated and managed by the Board through continual review, policy setting and updating of the Company's risk matrix at each Audit Committee Meeting to ensure that procedures are in place with the intention of minimising the impact of the above mentioned risks. The Board relies on periodic reports provided by the Investment Manager and Administrator regarding risks that the Company faces. When required, experts will be employed to gather information, including tax advisors, legal advisors, and environmental advisors.
The Company's financial instrument risks are discussed in Note 12 to the Financial Statements.
By order of the Board
Sir
Chairman
Report of the Audit Committee
The Audit Committee, chaired by Mr Hayden, operates within clearly defined terms of reference, which are available from the Company's website www.RiverstoneREL.com, and include all matters indicated by Disclosure and Transparency Rule 7.1, the AIC Code and the Corporate Governance Code. Its other members are Mr Barker and Mr Firth. Ms. Whittet was also formally appointed to the Audit Committee from
The Board has taken note of the requirement that at least one member of the Audit Committee should have recent and relevant financial experience and is satisfied that the Audit Committee is properly constituted in that respect, with all members being highly experienced and in particular, one member having a background as a chartered accountant.
The duties of the Audit Committee in discharging its responsibilities include reviewing the Annual Report and Financial Statements and Interim Financial Report, the valuation of the Company's investment portfolio, the system of internal controls, and the terms of appointment of the external auditor together with its remuneration. It is also the formal forum through which the external auditor reports to the Board. The objectivity of the external auditor is reviewed by the Audit Committee which also reviews the terms under which the external auditor is appointed to perform non-audit services and the fees paid to them or their affiliated firms overseas.
The Audit Committee reviews, considers and, if thought appropriate, recommends for the purposes of the Company's Financial Statements, valuations prepared by the Investment Manager in respect of the investments of the Partnership.
Responsibilities
The main duties of the Audit Committee are:
· reviewing and monitoring the integrity of the Financial Statements of the Company and any formal announcements relating to the Company's financial performance, reviewing significant financial reporting judgements contained in them;
· reporting to the Board on the appropriateness of the Company's accounting policies and practices;
· reviewing the valuations of the Company's investments prepared by the Investment Manager, and making a recommendation to the Board on the valuation of the Company's investments;
· meeting the external auditor to review their proposed audit programme of work and the subsequent audit report and assess the effectiveness of the audit process and the levels of fees paid in respect of both audit and non-audit work;
· making recommendations to the Board in relation to the appointment, re-appointment or removal of the external auditor and approving their remuneration and the terms of their engagement;
· monitoring and reviewing annually the external auditor's independence, objectivity, effectiveness, resources and qualification;
· considering annually whether there is a need for the Company to have its own internal audit function;
· monitoring the internal financial control and risk management systems on which the Company is reliant; and
· reviewing and considering the Corporate Governance Code, the AIC Code, the GFSC Code, the AIC Guidance on Audit Committees and the Stewardship Code.
The Audit Committee is aware that several sections of the Annual Report are not subject to formal statutory audit, including the Chairman's Statement and the Investment Manager's Report. Financial information in these sections is reviewed by the Audit Committee.
The Audit Committee is required to report its findings to the Board, identifying any matters on which it considers that action or improvement is needed, and make recommendations on the steps to be taken.
The external auditor is invited to attend the Audit Committee meetings at which the Annual Report and Interim Financial Report are considered and at which they have the opportunity to meet with the Committee without representatives of the Investment Manager or Administrator being present at least once per year.
Financial Reporting
The primary role of the Audit Committee in relation to financial reporting is to review with the Administrator, Investment Manager and the external auditor and report to the Board on the appropriateness of the Annual Report and Financial Statements and Interim Financial Report, concentrating on, amongst other matters:
· the quality and acceptability of accounting policies and practices;
· the clarity of the disclosures and compliance with financial reporting standards and relevant financial and governance reporting requirements;
· material areas in which significant judgements have been applied or there has been discussion with the external auditor;
· whether the Annual Report and Financial Statements, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for Shareholders to assess the Company's performance, business model and strategy; and
· any correspondence from regulators in relation to our financial reporting.
To aid its review, the Audit Committee considers reports from the Administrator and Investment Manager and also reports from the external auditor on the outcomes of their half-year review and annual audit. The Audit Committee supports
Meetings
During the year ended
· review of the terms of reference of the audit committee for approval by the Board;
· review of the accounting policies and format of the Financial Statements;
· review and approval of the audit plan of the external auditor;
· discussion and approval of the fee for the external audit;
· detailed review of the valuations of the Company's investment portfolio and recommendation for approval by the Board;
· detailed review of the Annual Report and Financial Statements, Interim Financial Report and quarterly portfolio valuations, and recommendation for approval by the Board;
· assessment of the independence of the external auditor;
· assessment of the effectiveness of the external audit process as described below; and
· review of the Company's key risks and internal controls.
Significant Areas of Judgement
The Audit Committee has determined that a key risk of misstatement of the Company's Financial Statements relates to the valuation of the investment in the Partnership at fair value through profit or loss, in the context of the judgements necessary to evaluate market values of the Investment Undertakings of the Partnership.
The Directors have considered whether any discount or premium should be applied to the net asset value of the Partnership. In view of the Company's investment in the Partnership and the nature of the Partnership's assets, no adjustment to the net asset value of the Partnership has been made, as this is deemed equivalent to fair value.
As outlined in Note 6 to the Financial Statements, the total carrying value of the investment in the Partnership at fair value through profit or loss at
The valuation process and methodology was discussed with the Investment Manager and with the external auditor at an Audit Committee meeting held on
The Audit Committee reviewed the Investment Manager's Report. The Investment Manager confirmed to the Audit Committee that the external auditor's work had not identified any errors or inconsistencies that were material in the context of the Annual Report and Financial Statements as a whole.
The external auditor explained the results of their review of the valuations, including their assessment of management's valuation of those Investment Undertakings remaining at 1.0x Gross MOIC. On the basis of their audit work, there were no adjustments proposed that were material in the context of the Annual Report and Financial Statements as a whole.
Risk Management
The Company's risk assessment process and the way in which significant business risks are managed is a key area of focus for the Audit Committee. The work of the Audit Committee was driven primarily by the Company's assessment of its principal risks and uncertainties as set out in the Corporate Governance Report. The Audit Committee receives reports from the Investment Manager and Administrator on the Company's risk evaluation process and reviews changes to significant risks identified.
Internal Audit
The Audit Committee shall consider at least once a year whether or not there is a need for an internal audit function. Currently, the Audit Committee does not consider there to be a need for an internal audit function, given that there are no employees in the Company and all outsourced functions are with parties who have their own internal controls and procedures.
External Audit
The external auditor is required to rotate the audit partner every five years. The current partner is in his third year of tenure. There are no contractual obligations restricting the choice of external auditor and the Company will put the audit services contract out to tender at least every ten years in line with the FRC's suggestions on audit tendering for FTSE 350 companies. This will be considered further when the audit partner rotates every five years. Under Companies Law, the reappointment of the external auditor is subject to Shareholder approval at the Annual General Meeting. The Audit Committee will continue to monitor the performance of the external auditor on an annual basis and will consider their independence and objectivity, taking account of appropriate guidelines.
The Audit Committee reviews the scope and results of the audit, its cost effectiveness and the independence and objectivity of the external auditor, with particular regard to the level of non-audit fees. Notwithstanding such services the Audit Committee considers
To further safeguard the objectivity and independence of the external auditor from becoming compromised, the Audit Committee has a formal policy governing the engagement of the external auditor to provide non-audit services. This precludes
To fulfil its responsibility regarding the independence of the external auditor, the Audit Committee considers:
· discussions with or reports from the external auditor describing its arrangements to identify, report and manage any conflicts of interest; and
· the extent of non-audit services provided by the external auditor.
To assess the effectiveness of the external auditor, the committee reviews:
· the external auditor's fulfilment of the agreed audit plan and variations from it;
· discussions or reports highlighting the major issues that arose during the course of the audit; and
· feedback from other service providers evaluating the performance of the audit team.
The AQRT of the
The Audit Committee is satisfied with
The Audit Committee has provided the Board with its recommendation to the Shareholders on the re-appointment of
On behalf of the Audit Committee
Chairman of the Audit Committee
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF RIVERSTONE ENERGY LIMITED
Our opinion on the Financial Statements
In our opinion the Financial Statements:
· give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at
· have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU; and
· have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies (
What we have audited
The Company's Financial Statements comprise:
· the Statement of Financial Position as at
· the Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended
· the Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended
· the Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended
· related notes 1 to 16 to the Financial Statements.
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU.
Overview of our audit approach
Risks of material misstatement:
i) valuation of the Company's investment in the Partnership.
ii) ownership of the Partnership and underlying investments.
In previous years we identified a risk that related party transactions might not be properly identified and disclosed. In view of the process embedded in the Company we no longer consider related parties to be a significant risk.
Audit scope:
We have audited the Financial Statements of
The audit was led from
Materiality:
Overall materiality of
Our assessment of risk of material misstatement
We identified the risks of material misstatement described below as those that had the greatest effect on our overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit and the direction of the efforts of the audit team. In addressing these risks, we have performed the procedures below which were designed in the context of the Financial Statements as a whole and, consequently, we do not express any opinion on these individual areas.
Risk | Our response to the risk | What we concluded to the Audit Committee |
Valuation of the Company's investment in the Partnership ($1,345 million, 2014 $1,234 million) Refer to the Audit Committee Report; accounting policies in Note 2 of the Financial Statements. The values of level three investments may be misstated due to the application of inappropriate methodologies or inputs to the valuations. Valuation of level three investments requires significant industry expertise. It also requires significant judgement and estimation. In addition there is a risk that proper accruals are not made for the taxation consequences of disposing investments at their recorded fair value. | · We confirmed our understanding of the processes, policies and methodologies used by management for valuing investments held by the Partnership. · We carried out investment valuation procedures on all level three investments held by the Partnership with a fair value in excess of our Reporting Threshold of $1.3 million (excluding new investments made in the last quarter of the year). This sample is more extensive than the sample required by our methodology but we extended the sample size at the request of the Audit Committee. · We engaged our own internal oil and gas industry valuation specialists to: a) use their knowledge of the market to assess and corroborate management's market related judgements and valuation inputs (including discount rates, current and future oil and gas prices, valuation multiples and recent relevant transaction data) by reference to our experts knowledge of comparable transactions, independently compiled databases/indices and information reported by comparable public companies; b) assist us to determine whether the methodologies used to value investments were in accordance with methods, particularly those specific to the industry, usually used by market participants. · We vouched significant valuation inputs to independent sources and we tested the arithmetical accuracy of the valuation calculations. · We engaged our own tax professionals to assess whether the mechanisms in place for capturing tax in fair valuation changes reflected the likely tax consequences of such changes. · We formed an independent view of whether the fair value of the Company's investment in the underlying Partnership is equivalent to the net asset value of the Partnership and assessed management's assumptions in reaching this conclusion. We also assessed whether the data used in the analysis was appropriate and relevant.
| We confirmed that there were no material instances of use of inappropriate policies or methodologies and that the valuation of level three investments held by the Partnership was not materially misstated. We confirmed that there were no material matters arising from our audit work on: -inputs to valuations; or -tax adjustments to valuations; that we wanted to bring to the attention of the Audit Committee. We also confirmed that there were no material matters arising from our audit work on the value of the Company's investment in the Partnership that we wanted to bring to the attention of the Audit Committee. |
Ownership of the Partnership ($1,309 million, 2014 $1,211 million) and underlying investments ($845 million, 2014 $375 million Note 6) There is a risk that the Company, through the Partnership and underlying structures may not have good title to investments which could expose the Company to significant risk of loss. | · We obtained independent legal confirmation at 31 December 2015 confirming the Company's investment structure holdings; · We obtained independent confirmation from the underlying investee companies as at 30 September 2015; · We tested changes in holdings between 30 September and 31 December by inspecting acquisition and investment drawdown documentation; · For investments acquired in 2015, we obtained legal documentation for each layer of the Company's investment holding chain to confirm ownership at each layer; · Reviewing the summary financial information for each layer of the Company's investment holding chain to confirm ownership changes and closing position at each layer; and · Reviewing the latest Partnership agreement and the Board Meeting minutes of the Company and of the General Partner to the underlying Partnership to confirm no changes in ownership of the Limited Partnership. | We confirmed that there were no material matters identified in our audit work on ownership of investments that we wanted to bring to the attention of the Audit Committee. |
The scope of our audit
Tailoring the scope
Our assessment of audit risk, our evaluation of materiality and our allocation of performance materiality determine our audit scope and the allocation of work between the audit team and internal valuation specialists. Taken together, this enables us to form an opinion on the Financial Statements.
Our application of materiality
We apply the concept of materiality in planning and performing the audit, in evaluating the effect of identified misstatements on the audit and in forming our audit opinion.
Materiality
"Materiality" is the magnitude of an omission or misstatement that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of the users of the Financial Statements. Materiality provides a basis for determining the nature and extent of our audit procedures.
We determined planning materiality for the Company to be
During the course of our audit, we reassessed initial materiality and noted no factors leading us to amend materiality levels from those originally determined at the audit planning stage.
Performance materiality
"Performance materiality" is the application of materiality at the individual account or balance level. It is set at an amount to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds materiality.
On the basis of our risk assessments, together with our assessment of the Company's overall control environment, our judgement was that overall performance materiality (i.e. our tolerance for misstatement in an individual account or balance) for the Company should be 75 per cent. of materiality, namely
Reporting threshold
"Reporting threshold" is an amount below which identified misstatements are considered as being clearly trivial.
We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all audit differences in excess of
We evaluated any uncorrected misstatements against both the quantitative measures of materiality discussed above and in light of other relevant qualitative considerations in forming our opinion.
Scope of the audit of the Financial Statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the Financial Statements sufficient to give reasonable assurance that the Financial Statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Company's circumstances and have been consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by the Directors; and the overall presentation of the Financial Statements. In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial information in the Annual Report to identify material inconsistencies with the audited Financial Statements and to identify any information that is apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing the audit. If we become aware of any apparent material misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.
Respective responsibilities of Directors and auditor
As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the Financial Statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (
This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Section 262 of the Companies Law. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
ISAs (
We are required to report to you if, in our opinion, financial and non-financial information in the Annual Report is:
· materially inconsistent with the information in the audited Financial Statements; or
· apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, our knowledge of the Company acquired in the course of performing our audit; or
· otherwise misleading.
In particular, we are required to report whether we have identified any inconsistencies between our knowledge acquired in the course of performing the audit and the Directors' Statement that they consider the Annual Report and accounts taken as a whole is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for Shareholders to assess the entity's performance, business model and strategy; and whether the Annual Report appropriately addresses those matters that we communicated to the Audit Committee that we consider should have been disclosed.
We have no exceptions to report.
Listing Rules review requirements
We are required to review:
· the Directors' Statement in relation to going concern and longer-term viability, and
· the part of the Corporate Governance Statement relating to the Company's compliance with the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code specified for our review.
We have no exceptions to report.
Companies (
We are required to report to you if, in our opinion:
· proper accounting records have not been kept; or
· the Financial Statements are not in agreement with the accounting records; or
· we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
We have no exceptions to report.
Statement on the Directors' assessment of the principal risks that would threaten the solvency or liquidity of the entity
ISAs (
We are required to give a statement as to whether we have anything material to add or to draw attention to in relation to:
· the Directors' confirmation in the Annual Report that they have carried out a robust assessment of the principal risks facing the entity, including those that would threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity;
· the disclosures in the Annual Report that describe those risks and explain how they are being managed or mitigated;
· the Directors' Statement in the Financial Statements about whether they considered it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing them, and their identification of any material uncertainties to the entity's ability to continue to do so over a period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of the Financial Statements; and
· the Directors' explanation in the Annual Report as to how they have assessed the prospects of the entity, over what period they have done so and why they consider that period to be appropriate, and their statement as to whether they have a reasonable expectation that the entity will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the period of their assessment, including any related disclosures drawing attention to any necessary qualifications or assumptions.
We have nothing material to add or to draw attention to.
For and on behalf of
(1) The maintenance and integrity of the Company's website is the sole responsibility of the Directors; the work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditor accepts no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the Financial Statements since they were initially presented on the website.
(2) Legislation in
Statement of Financial Position
As at
Notes | 31 December 2015 $'000 | 31 December 2014 $'000 | |
ASSETS: | |||
Non-current assets | |||
Investment at fair value through profit or loss | 6 | 1,345,150 | 1,234,296 |
Total non-current assets | 1,345,150 | 1,234,296 | |
Current assets | |||
Trade and other receivables | 683 | 546 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 7 | 2,539 | 5,726 |
Total current assets | 3,222 | 6,272 | |
TOTAL ASSETS | 1,348,372 | 1,240,568 | |
Current liabilities | |||
Trade and other payables | 1,183 | 546 | |
Total current liabilities | 1,183 | 546 | |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 1,183 | 546 | |
NET ASSETS | 1,347,189 | 1,240,022 | |
EQUITY | |||
Share capital | 9 | 1,317,537 | 1,218,811 |
Retained earnings | 29,652 | 21,211 | |
TOTAL EQUITY | 1,347,189 | 1,240,022 | |
Number of Shares in issue at year end | 9 | 84,480,064 | 76,032,058 |
Net Asset Value per Share ($) | 14 | 15.95 | 16.31 |
The Financial Statements of the Company were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on
Sir Robert Wilson | Richard Hayden |
Chairman | Director |
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended
Notes | 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 $'000 | 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 $'000 | |
Investment gain | |||
Change in fair value of investment at fair value through profit or loss | 6 | 12,737 | 23,865 |
Expenses | |||
Directors' fees and expenses | 11 | (898) | (1,022) |
Legal and professional fees | (697) | (564) | |
Other operating expenses | 15 | (2,554) | (2,360) |
Total expenses | (4,149) | (3,946) | |
Operating profit for the financial year | 8,588 | 19,919 | |
Finance income and expenses | |||
Foreign exchange loss | (149) | (209) | |
Other finance income | 8 | - | 920 |
Interest income | 2 | 6 | |
Total finance income and expenses | (147) | 717 | |
Profit for the year | 8,441 | 20,636 | |
Total comprehensive income for the year | 8,441 | 20,636 | |
Basic Earnings per Share (cents) | 14 | 11.03 | 28.60 |
Diluted Earnings per Share (cents) | 14 | 11.03 | 25.93 |
All activities derive from continuing operations.
Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended
Notes | Share capital $'000 | Retained earnings $'000 | Total Equity $'000 | |
As at 1 January 2015 | 1,218,811 | 21,211 | 1,240,022 | |
Profit for the financial year | - | 8,441 | 8,441 | |
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | |
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | 8,441 | 8,441 | |
Transactions with owners | ||||
Issue of Shares | 9 | 102,349 | - | 102,349 |
Share issue costs | 9 | (3,623) | - | (3,623) |
Total transactions with owners | 98,726 | - | 98,726 | |
As at 31 December 2015 | 1,317,537 | 29,652 | 1,347,189 |
Share capital $'000 | Retained earnings $'000 | Total Equity $'000 | ||
As at 1 January 2014 | 1,138,431 | 575 | 1,139,006 | |
Profit for the financial year | - | 20,636 | 20,636 | |
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | |
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | 20,636 | 20,636 | |
Transactions with owners | ||||
Issue of Shares | 9 | 80,380 | - | 80,380 |
Total transactions with owners | 80,380 | - | 80,380 | |
As at 31 December 2014 | 1,218,811 | 21,211 | 1,240,022 |
Statement of Cash Flows
For the year ended
Notes | 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 $'000 | 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 $'000 | |
Cash flow used in operating activities | |||
Operating profit for the financial year | 8,588 | 19,919 | |
Adjustments for: | |||
Net finance income | 2 | 926 | |
Change in fair value of investment at fair value through profit or loss | 6 | (12,737) | (23,865) |
Movement in due to affiliates | - | (2,271) | |
Movement in trade receivables | (137) | 7 | |
Movement in trade payables | 637 | (586) | |
Foreign exchange movement on trade receivables/payables | - | 30 | |
Net cash used in operating activities | (3,647) | (5,840) | |
Cash flow used in investing activities | |||
Purchase of investment | 6 | (98,117) | (80,380) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (98,117) | (80,380) | |
Cash flow generated from financing activities | |||
Proceeds from issue of Shares | 9 | 102,349 | 80,380 |
Share issue costs | 9 | (3,623) | - |
Net cash generated from financing activities | 98,726 | 80,380 | |
Net movement in cash and cash equivalents during the year | (3,038) | (5,840) | |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | 5,726 | 11,805 | |
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | (149) | (239) | |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | 2,539 | 5,726 |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of the Company's Financial Statements.
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended
1. General information
The Company makes its investments through the Partnership, a
The Partnership invests alongside Private Riverstone Funds in all Qualifying Investments in which the Private Riverstone Funds participate. These funds are managed and advised by affiliates of the Investment Manager. Further detail of these investments is provided in the Investment Manager's Report.
2. Accounting policies
Basis of preparation
The Financial Statements for the year ended
The Company has adopted the Investment Entity amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27 which define investment entities and provide consolidation exceptions for them together with changed disclosure requirements as described below.
Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27)
The Company meets the definition of an investment entity on the basis of the following criteria.
(a) the Company obtains funds from multiple investors for the purpose of providing those investors with investment management services;
(b) the Company commits to its investors that its business purpose is to invest funds solely for returns from capital appreciation, investment income, or both; and
(c) the Company measures and evaluates the performance of substantially all of its investments on a fair value basis
To determine that the Company meets the definition of an investment entity, further consideration is given to the characteristics of an investment entity that are demonstrated by the Company.
The Company makes its investments through the Partnership in which it is the sole limited partner. The Board has assessed whether the Company has all the elements of control as prescribed by IFRS 10 in relation to the Company's investment in the Partnership and has concluded that although the Company is the sole limited partner, it does not control the Partnership but instead has significant influence resulting in its classification as a structured entity in accordance with IFRS 12, and accounted as an investment in associate at fair value in accordance with IAS 28. The Partnership is financed solely by the funds raised in the IPO and Placing and Open Offer of the Company. Transfer of funds by the Partnership to the Company is determined by the General Partner (Note 11). The risks associated with the investment in the Partnership are the same as that of the Company, which are further disclosed in Note 12. Note 6 discloses the summarised financial information for the investment in the Partnership, which is prepared on the same basis as the financial information of the Company.
The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.
New and amended standards and interpretations applied by the Company
The following are new and amended standards and interpretations in issue effective from
IFRS 10 | Consolidated Financial Statements | 1 January 2016 |
IFRS 12 | Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities - Application of the consolidation exception (amendments to IFRS 12) | 1 January 2016 |
IAS 27 | Separate Financial Statements - Application of the consolidation exception (amendments to IAS 27) | 1 January 2016 |
IAS 28 | Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures - Reinstating the equity method (amendments to IAS 28) | 1 January 2016 |
New and amended standards and interpretations not applied by the Company
The following are new and amended standards and interpretations in issue effective from
IFRS 9 | Financial Instruments | 1 January 2018(1) |
IFRS 15 | Revenue from Contracts with Customers | 1 January 2018(1) |
IAS 1 | Presentation of Financial Statements - Disclosure initiative (amendments to IAS 1) | 1 January 2016 |
IAS 7 | Statement of Cash Flows - Disclosure initiative (amendments to IAS 7) | 1 January 2017 |
IAS 12 | Income Taxes - Recognition of deferred tax assets for unrealised losses (amendments to IAS 12) | 1 January 2017 |
(1) Not yet EU endorsed
The Company has not early adopted these standards and their impact is yet to be fully assessed.
Foreign currencies
The functional currency of the Company is U.S. Dollars reflecting the primary economic environment in which the Company operates, that being the exploration and production and midstream energy sectors, where most transactions are expected to take place in U.S. Dollars.
The Company has chosen U.S. Dollars as its presentation currency for financial reporting purposes.
Transactions during the year, including purchases and sales of investments, income and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than U.S. Dollars are retranslated at the functional currency rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a currency other than U.S. Dollars are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a currency other than U.S. Dollars are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses on financial instruments classified as at fair value through profit or loss are included in profit or loss in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as part of the "Change in fair value of investments through profit or loss". Exchange differences on other financial instruments are included in profit or loss in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as "Foreign exchange loss".
Going concern
The Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future.
In reaching this conclusion the Board has considered budgeted and projected results of the business including, projected cash flow and the risks that could impact the Company's liquidity over the next 12 months from the date of approval of the Financial Statements.
Of the
Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Company's Statement of Financial Position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and financial liabilities are only offset and the net amount reported in the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Comprehensive Income when there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and the Company intends to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and liability simultaneously.
Financial assets
When financial assets are recognised initially, they are measured at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The Company does not have any available for sale or held to maturity financial assets.
Purchases or sales of financial assets made by the Partnership that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way purchases) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Partnership commits to purchase or sell the asset.
a) Investments at fair value through profit or loss
i. Classification
The Company has elected to measure its investment in the Partnership at fair value through profit or loss.
ii. Measurement
Investments made by the Company in the Partnership are measured at fair value through profit or loss.
iii. Fair value estimation
A summary of the more relevant aspects of IPEV valuations is set out below:
Unlisted Investments - are carried at such fair value as the Investment Manager considers appropriate, and as approved or adjusted by the Board, taking into account the performance of each investee company and the exercise of ratchets, options or other incentive schemes. Methodologies used in arriving at the fair value include prices of recent investment, earnings multiples, net assets, discounted cash flows analysis and industry valuation benchmarks. Valuations may be derived by reference to observable valuation measures for comparable companies or transactions (examples include discount rates, forward oil prices, production multiples and multiplying a key performance metric of the investee company such as EBITDA by a relevant valuation multiple observed in the range of comparable companies or transactions), adjusted for differences between the investment and the referenced comparable. Privately held investments may also be valued at cost for a period of time after an acquisition as the best indicator of fair value.
b) Derecognition of financial assets
A financial asset (in whole or in part) is derecognised either:
· when the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership; or
· when it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards and when it no longer has control over the assets or a portion of the asset; or
· when the contractual right to receive cash flow has expired.
c) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits and other short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Financial liabilities
The Company's financial liabilities consist of financial liabilities measured at amortised cost.
a) Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
These include trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities, which are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
b) Derecognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability (in whole or in part) is derecognised when the Company has extinguished its contractual obligations, it expires or is cancelled. Any gain or loss on derecognition is taken to the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Equity
The Company's Ordinary Shares are classified as equity and upon issuance, the fair value of the consideration received is included in equity, net of share issue costs (excluding share issue costs of the IPO). All formation and initial expenses of the Company, including the share issue costs of its IPO, which are otherwise chargeable to equity, have been borne by the Investment Manager. In the event that the Investment Management Agreement terminates, the Company would become liable for those costs. For further details please see Note 10.
Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.
Finance income
Interest income is recognised on a time apportioned basis using the effective interest method.
Expenses
Expenses include legal, accounting, auditing and other operating expenses. They are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the period in which they are incurred (on an accruals basis).
3. Critical accounting judgement and estimation uncertainty
The preparation of Financial Statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
The main judgements made by the Company are both, the valuations of each portfolio company held in the Partnership and the degree of judgements due to the complexity within the wide structure of the Company, which includes the Partnership and the Investment Undertakings.
The area involving a high degree of judgement or complexity and where assumptions and estimates are significant to the Financial Statements has been identified as the risk of misstatement of the valuation of the investment in the Partnership (see Note 5). Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and in any future periods affected. The Board's determination that no discount or premium should be applied to the net asset value of the Partnership involves a degree of judgement due to the nature of the Partnership's investments and other assets and liabilities (see Note 2: Financial assets a) iii.)
The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results.
4. Taxation
The Company is exempt from taxation in
The Company has made an election to, and currently expects to conduct its activities so as to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, the Company expects that it generally will not be liable for U.S. federal income taxes. Instead, each of the Company's Shareholders who are liable to U.S. taxes will take into account its respective share of the Company's items of income, gain, loss and deduction in computing its U.S. federal income tax liability as if such shareholder had earned such income directly, even if no cash distributions are made to the shareholder.
The
Local taxes may apply at the jurisdictional level on profits arising in operating entity investments. Further withholding taxes may apply on distributions from such operating entity investments. Based upon the current commitments and investments in Liberty II, Eagle II, Rock Oil, Fieldwood, Castex 2014, Castex 2005, Three Rivers III, Carrier II and ILX III the future U.S. tax liability on profits is expected to be in the range of 35 to 41.5 per cent.
5. Fair value
IFRS 13 'Fair Value Measurement' requires disclosure of fair value measurement by level. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the financial assets or financial liabilities are categorised is determined on the basis of the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement, adjusted if necessary.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety into only one of the three levels.
· Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
· Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices);
· Level 3 - inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
The Company's only financial instrument carried at fair value is its investment in the Partnership which has been classified within Level 3 as it has unobservable inputs and is not traded. Amounts classified under Level 3 for the year ended
The fair value of all other financial instruments approximates to their carrying value.
Transfers during the period
There have been no transfers between levels during the year ended
Valuation methodology and process
The Directors base the fair value of the investment in the Partnership on the value of its limited partnership capital account received from the General Partner, which is determined on the basis of the fair value of its assets and liabilities, adjusted if necessary, to reflect liquidity, future commitments, and other specific factors of the Partnership and Investment Manager. This is based on the components within the Partnership, principally the value of the Partnership's investments in addition to cash and short-term money market fixed deposits. Any fluctuation in the value of the Partnership's investments in addition to cash and short-term money market fixed deposits held will directly impact on the value of the Company's investment in the Partnership.
The Partnership's investments are valued using the techniques described in the Company's valuation policy. The Investment Manager's assessment of fair value of investments held by the Partnership, through Investment Undertakings, is determined in accordance with IPEV Valuation Guidelines. When valuing the Partnership's investments, the Investment Manager reviews information provided by the underlying investee companies and other business partners and applies IPEV methodologies, to estimate a fair value as at the date of the Statement of Financial Position, subject to Board approval. It is the opinion of the Directors, that the IPEV valuation methodology used in deriving a fair value is generally not different from the fair value requirements of IFRS 13.
The Directors have considered whether a discount or premium should be applied to the net asset value of the Partnership. In view of the investment in the Partnership and the nature of the Partnership's assets, no adjustment to the net asset value of the Partnership has been deemed to be necessary (see Note 3).
Initially, acquisitions are valued at the price of recent investment. Subsequently, and as appropriate, the Investment Manager values the investments on a quarterly basis using common industry valuation techniques, including comparable public market valuation, comparable merger and acquisition transaction valuation and discounted cash flow valuation. For early stage private investments, Riverstone's investment due diligence process includes assumptions about short-term financial results in determining the appropriate purchase price for the investment. The techniques used in determining the fair value of the Company's investments through the Partnership are selected on an investment by investment basis so as to maximise the use of market based observable inputs.
For the year ended
Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements
Fair value | |||||||
(In Thousands) | Range | ||||||
Industry | 31/12/2015 | Valuation technique(s) | Unobservable input(s) | Low | High | Weighted average (a) | # of investments (b) |
Exploration & Production | $850,176 | Public comparables | EV / 2015E EBITDA multiple | 3.7x | 9.3x | 6.5x | 3 |
EV / 2015E EBITDAX multiple | 5.5x | 6.5x | - | 1 | |||
EV / 2016E EBITDAX multiple | 7.0x | 8.0x | - | 1 | |||
1P Reserve multiple ($/Boe) | $8 | $20 | $12 | 3 | |||
Production Multiple ($/Boepd) | $18,837 | $65,000 | $49,750 | 2 | |||
EV / Net Acre ($/acre) | $3,243 | $8,000 | $4,190 | 2 | |||
Transaction comparables | Valuation Multiple ($/Boe) | $2 | $18 | $14 | 3 | ||
Valuation Multiple ($/Boepd) | $42,500 | $130,000 | $75,224 | 4 | |||
Undeveloped Acreage multiple ($/acre) | $5,000 | $28,000 | $18,221 | 2 | |||
NAV analysis | Probable Reserves Risk Factor | 30% | 30% | - | 1 | ||
Possible Reserves Risk Factor | 0% | 0% | - | 1 | |||
3P Reserves Risk Factor | 65% | 75% | 72% | 2 | |||
Multiple of PV-10 Reserve | 0.9x | 1.0x | - | 1 | |||
Oil Price Curve ($/bbl) | $40 | $70 | $56 | 6 | |||
Gas Price Curve ($/mcfe) | $3 | $3 | $3 | 6 | |||
Discount Rate of PV of Reserves | 10% | 20% | 13% | 7 | |||
Exit Multiple | 7.0x | 7.0x | - | 1 | |||
Transaction approach | Last round of financing | n/a | n/a | - | 3 | ||
Credit | $24,638 | Public comparables | Publicly Traded Bond Prices | $23.8 | $86.8 | - | 1 |
Transaction comparables | Broker Quoted Loan Prices | $24.0 | $29.5 | - | 1 | ||
Midstream | $17,367 | Transaction approach | Last round of financing | n/a | n/a | - | 1 |
Total | $892,181
| ||||||
Fair value | |||||||
(In Thousands) | Range | ||||||
Industry | 31/12/2014 | Valuation technique(s) | Unobservable input(s) | Low | High | Weighted average (a) | # of investments |
Exploration & Production | $422,833 | Public comparables | EV/LTM EBITDA multiple | 3.5x | 4.5x | - | 1 |
EV/Forward EBITDA multiple | 4.0x | 5.0x | 4.5x | 2 | |||
2P Reserve multiple ($/Boe) | $35 | $45 | - | 1 | |||
EV/Forward EBITDAX multiple | 3.5x | 4.5x | - | 1 | |||
1P Reserve multiple ($/Boe) | $8 | $13 | - | 1 | |||
Production Multiple ($/Boepd) | $80,000 | $100,000 | - | 1 | |||
NAV analysis | Multiple of PV-10 Reserve | .6x | .8x | - | 1 | ||
Sum of the parts | Production Multiple ($/Boe/d) | $40,000 | $120,000 | $69,856 | 3 | ||
Transaction approach | Last round of financing | n/a | n/a | - | 6 | ||
Total | $422,833
| ||||||
(a) Calculated based on fair values. Weighted average is not applicable for industry categories with only one investment.
(b) The Partnership's investments are valued using one or more of the techniques which utilise one or more of the unobservable inputs, so the amounts in the "# of investments" column will not aggregate to the total number of the Partnership's investments.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Partnership's investments at
The Board reviews and considers the fair value of the Partnership's investments arrived at by the Investment Manager before incorporating into the fair value of the Partnership. The variety of valuation bases adopted, quality of management information provided by the underlying investee companies and the lack of liquid markets for the investments mean that there are inherent difficulties in determining the fair value of these investments that cannot be eliminated. Therefore the amounts realised on the sale of investments may differ from the fair values reflected in these Financial Statements and the differences may be significant.
The Board approves the valuations performed by the Investment Manager and monitors the range of reasonably possible changes in significant observable inputs on a regular basis.
6. Investment at fair value through profit or loss
31 December 2015 $'000 | 31 December 2014 $'000 | |
Cost | ||
Brought forward | 1,210,818 | 1,130,438 |
Investment in the Partnership | 98,117 | 80,380 |
Carried forward | 1,308,935 | 1,210,818 |
Fair value adjustment through profit or loss | ||
Brought forward | 23,478 | (387) |
Fair value movement during the year | 12,737 | 23,865 |
Carried forward | 36,215 | 23,478 |
Fair value at year end | 1,345,150 | 1,234,296 |
The movement in fair value is derived from the fair value movements in the underlying investments held by the Partnership, net of income and expenses of the Partnership and its related Investment Undertakings, including any Performance Allocation and applicable taxes.
Summary financial information for the Partnership
Net asset value | 31 December 2015 $'000 | 31 December 2014 $'000 |
Investments at fair value before tax and performance allocation | 892,181 | 422,833 |
Deferred tax on investment | - | (6,029) |
General Partner performance allocation - see Note 11 | (26,159) | (9,661) |
Investments at fair value (net) | 866,022 | 407,143 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 149,458 | 79,878 |
Money market fixed deposits | 405,000 | 650,000 |
Investments payable | (74,008) | - |
U.S. treasury bills | - | 99,995 |
Management fee payable - see Note 11 | (5,052) | (2,656) |
Other net assets/(liabilities) | 3,730 | (64) |
Fair value of REL's investment in the Partnership | 1,345,150 | 1,234,296 |
Summary Income Statement | 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 $'000 | 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 $'000 |
Unrealised gain on investments (gross) | 34,085 | 48,962 |
Realised gain and income on investment | 4,135 | - |
Other income | 5,345 | 530 |
Management fee expense - see Note 11 | (17,858) | (8,011) |
Deferred tax on investment | 6,028 | (6,028) |
Other operating expense | (2,500) | (1,927) |
Partnership's operating profit for the year | 29,235 | 33,526 |
General Partner's performance allocation | (16,498) | (9,661) |
Portion of the operating profit for the year attributable to REL's investment in the Partnership | 12,737 | 23,865 |
7. Cash and cash equivalents
These comprise cash held by the Company and short-term bank deposits available on demand. The carrying amounts of these assets approximate to their fair value.
8. Other finance income
Other finance income in the prior year was entirely made up of a financing charge payable by a Cornerstone Investor, KFI, owing to an agreement to acquire Shares in the Company in two tranches.
An upfront two-year financing charge equal to 1.5 per cent. of the unpaid subscription monies of
31 December 2015 $'000 | 31 December 2014 $'000 | |
Other finance income recognised in the year | - | 920 |
9. Share capital
31 December 2015 $'000 | 31 December 2014 $'000 | |
Authorised: | ||
Ordinary Shares of no par value | Unlimited | Unlimited |
Total No. | Total No. | |
Issued and fully paid: | ||
Unlimited Shares of no par value | ||
Shares as at inception | - | - |
Issued on 23 May 2013 | 1 | 1 |
Issued on 29 October 2013 | 71,032,057 | 71,032,057 |
Issued on 10 October 2014 | 5,000,000 | 5,000,000 |
Issued on 11 December 2015 | 8,448,006 | - |
Shares as at year end | 84,480,064 | 76,032,058 |
Share capital | $'000 | $'000 |
Share capital brought forward | 1,218,811 | 1,138,431 |
Movements for the period: | ||
Issue of Ordinary Shares | 102,349 | 80,380 |
Share issue costs | (3,623) | - |
Share capital as at year end | 1,317,537 | 1,218,811 |
The Company has one class of Ordinary Shares. The issued nominal value of the Ordinary Shares represents 100 per cent. of the total issued nominal value of all Share capital. Under the Company's Articles of Incorporation, on a show of hands, each Shareholder present in person or by proxy has the right to one vote at general meetings. On a poll, each Shareholder is entitled to one vote for every Share held.
Shareholders are entitled to all dividends paid by the Company and, on a winding up, providing the Company has satisfied all of its liabilities, the Shareholders are entitled to all of the surplus assets of the Company. The Ordinary Shares have no right to fixed income.
KFI, one of the
On
Following admission of the new Ordinary Shares, the Share capital of the Company is 84,480,064 Ordinary Shares in aggregate.
10. Contingent liabilities
Contingent liabilities are potential future cash outflows where the likelihood of payment is considered more than remote but is not considered probable or cannot be measured reliably.
Formation and initial expenses
The formation and initial expenses of the Company totalling
11. Related party transactions
Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the party in making financial or operational decisions.
Directors
The Company has eight non-executive Directors (
Directors' fees and expenses for the year ended
Messrs Lapeyre and Leuschen are senior executives of Riverstone and have direct or indirect economic interests in affiliates and/or related parties of the Investment Manager, which holds the founder Ordinary Share of the Company, the General Partner, the general partner of Fund V,
Lord Browne is a senior executive of Riverstone and has direct or indirect economic interests in Other Riverstone Funds as an investor. Lord Browne retired from the Board with effect from
Mr Hackett is a senior executive of Riverstone and has direct or indirect economic interests in Other Riverstone Funds as an investor.
Messrs Barker and Hayden have direct or indirect economic interests in Other Riverstone Funds as investors.
Investment Manager
The Investment Manager, an affiliate of Riverstone, provides advice to the Company and the Partnership on the origination and completion of new investments, on the management of the portfolio and on realisations, as well as on funding requirements, subject to Board approval. For the provision of services under the Investment Management Agreement, the Investment Manager is paid in cash out of the assets of the Partnership an annual Management Fee equal to 1.5 per cent. per annum of the Company's Net Asset Value. The fee is payable quarterly in arrears and each payment is calculated using the quarterly Net Asset Value as at the relevant quarter end. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Management Fee is paid on the cash proceeds of the Issue to the extent that they have not yet been invested or committed to an investment. Amounts not forming part of a commitment to an investment that are invested in cash deposits, interest-bearing accounts or sovereign securities directly or indirectly, are not considered to have been invested or committed for these purposes.
The Investment Manager has agreed to deduct from its annual Management Fee all fees, travel costs and related expenses of the Directors exceeding the following annual limits:
Portion of NAV | Limit (as a percentage of the then last published NAV) |
Up to and including £500 million | 0.084 per cent. |
From £500 million to and including £600 million | 0.084 per cent. at £500 million and thereafter adjusted downwards proportionately to NAV to 0.07 per cent. at £600 million |
From £600 million to and including £700 million | 0.07 per cent. at £600 million and thereafter adjusted downwards proportionately to NAV to 0.06 per cent. at £700 million |
Above £700 million | 0.06 per cent. |
The above limits are subject to adjustment by agreement between the Investment Manager and the Company acting by its independent Directors. Based on the last published NAV as of
During the year ended
The Investment Manager's appointment cannot be terminated by the Company with less than 12 months' notice. The Company may terminate the Investment Management Agreement with immediate effect if the Investment Manager has committed an act of fraud or wilful misconduct in relation to the Company which has resulted in material harm to the Company's business. The Investment Manager may terminate their appointment immediately if either the Company or the Partnership is in material breach of any of its material obligations under the Investment Management Agreement.
General Partner
The General Partner makes all management decisions, other than investment management decisions, in relation to the Partnership and controls all other actions by the Partnership and is entitled to receive a Performance Allocation, calculated and payable at the underlying investment holding subsidiary level, equal to 20 per cent. of the realised profits (if any) on the sale of any underlying asset of the Company.
The General Partner is entitled to receive its Performance Allocation in cash, all of which, after tax, Riverstone, through its affiliate RELCP, intends to reinvest in Ordinary Shares of the Company on the terms summarised in Part I and Part VIII of the IPO Prospectus.
Each of the
12. Financial risk management
Financial risk management objectives
The Company's investing activities, through its investment in the Partnership, intentionally expose it to various types of risks that are associated with the underlying investee companies of the Partnership. The Company makes the investment in order to generate returns in accordance with its investment policy and objectives.
The most important types of financial risks to which the Company is exposed are market risk (including price, interest rate and foreign currency risk), liquidity risk and credit risk. The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the determination of the Company's risk management and sets policy to manage that risk at an acceptable level to achieve those objectives. The policy and process for measuring and mitigating each of the main risks are described below.
The Investment Manager and the Administrator provide advice to the Company which allows it to monitor and manage financial risks relating to its operations through internal risk reports which analyse exposures by degree and magnitude of risks. The Investment Manager and the Administrator report to the Board on a quarterly basis.
Categories of financial instruments
31 December 2015 $'000 | 31 December 2014 $'000 | |
Financial assets | ||
Investment at fair value through profit or loss: | ||
Investment in the Partnership | 1,345,150 | 1,234,296 |
Loans and receivables: | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | 2,539 | 5,726 |
Trade and other receivables | 683 | 546 |
Financial liabilities | ||
Financial liabilities: | ||
Trade and other payables | (1,183) | (546) |
Capital risk management
The Company manages its capital to ensure that the Company will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the capital return to Shareholders. The capital structure of the Company consists of issued Share capital and retained earnings, as stated in the Statement of Financial Position.
In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may buy back shares or issue new shares. There are no external capital requirements imposed on the Company.
During the year ended
The Company's investment policy is set out in the Investment Policy section of the Annual Report.
Market risk
Market risk includes price risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk.
(a) Price risk
The underlying investments held by the Partnership present a potential risk of loss of capital to the Partnership and hence to the Company. The Company invests through the Partnership. Price risk arises from uncertainty about future prices of underlying financial investments held by the Partnership.
The Partnership is exposed to a variety of risks which may have an impact on the carrying value of the Company's investment in the Partnership. The Partnership's risk factors are set out in (a)(i) to (a)(iii) below.
(i) Not actively traded
The Partnership's investments are not traded in an active market but are indirectly exposed to market price risk arising from uncertainties about future values of the investments held (see Note 5). The underlying investments of the Partnership vary as to industry sub-sector, geographic distribution of operations and size, all of which may impact the susceptibility of their valuation to uncertainty.
This risk is managed by an investment strategy that diversifies the investments in terms of geography, financing stage or industry and through careful selection of investments within the specified limits of the investment policy. The investments are monitored on a regular basis by the Investment Manager.
(ii) Concentration
The Company, through the Partnership, intends to invest in the global energy sector, with a particular focus on businesses that engage in oil and gas exploration and production and midstream investments in that sector. This means that the Company will be exposed to the concentration risk of only making investments in the global energy sector, which concentration risk may further relate to sub-sector, geography, and the relative size of an investment or other factors. Whilst the Company is subject to the investment and diversification restrictions in its investment policy, within those limits, material concentrations of investments may still arise.
The Board and the Investment Manager monitor the concentration of the investment in the Partnership on a quarterly basis to ensure compliance with the investment policy.
(iii) Liquidity
The Company's underlying investments through the Partnership are dynamic in nature. The Partnership will maintain flexibility in funding by keeping sufficient liquidity in cash and cash equivalents which may be invested on a temporary basis in line with the cash management policy as agreed by the Board from time to time.
As at
(b) Foreign currency risk
The Company has exposure to foreign currency risk due to the payment of some expenses in Pounds Sterling. Consequently, the Company is exposed to risks that the exchange rate of its currency relative to other foreign currencies may change in a manner that has an adverse effect on the value of that portion of the Company's assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar.
The following tables sets out, in U.S. Dollars, the Company's total exposure to foreign currency risk and the net exposure to foreign currencies of the monetary assets and liabilities:
As at 31 December 2015 | $ $'000 | £ $'000 | Total $'000 |
ASSETS: | |||
Non-current assets | |||
Investment in the Partnership | 1,345,150 | - | 1,345,150 |
Total non-current assets | 1,345,150 | - | 1,345,150 |
Current assets | |||
Trade and other receivables | 683 | - | 683 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 544 | 1,995 | 2,539 |
Total current assets | 1,227 | 1,995 | 3,222 |
Current liabilities | |||
Trade and other payables | 289 | 894 | 1,183 |
Total current liabilities | 289 | 894 | 1,183 |
Total net assets | 1,346,088 | 1,101 | 1,347,189 |
As at 31 December 2014 | $ $'000 | £ $'000 | Total $'000 |
ASSETS: | |||
Non-current assets | |||
Investment in the Partnership | 1,234,296 | - | 1,234,296 |
Total non-current assets | 1,234,296 | - | 1,234,296 |
Current assets | |||
Trade and other receivables | 539 | 7 | 546 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 2,376 | 3,350 | 5,726 |
Total current assets | 2,915 | 3,357 | 6,272 |
Current liabilities | |||
Trade and other payables | 335 | 211 | 546 |
Total current liabilities | 335 | 211 | 546 |
Total net assets | 1,236,876 | 3,146 | 1,240,022 |
The Directors do not consider that the foreign currency exchange risk at the balance sheet date is significant or material and therefore sensitivity analysis for the foreign currency risk has not been provided.
(c) Interest Rate Risk
The Company's exposure to interest rate risk relates to the Company's cash and cash equivalents. The Company is subject to risk due to fluctuations in the prevailing levels of market interest rates. Any excess cash and cash equivalents are invested at short-term market interest rates. As at the date of the Statement of Financial Position, the majority of the Company's cash and cash equivalents were held on interest bearing fixed deposit accounts at the Partnership.
The Company has no other interest-bearing assets or liabilities as at the reporting date. As a consequence, the Company is only exposed to variable market interest rate risk. Management does not expect any significant change in interest rates that would have a material impact on the financial performance of the Company in the near future, therefore sensitivity analysis for the interest rate risk has not been provided.
31 December 2015 $'000 | 31 December 2014 $'000 | |
Fixed rate | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | - | 3,350 |
Non-interest bearing | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | 2,539 | 2,376 |
Liquidity risk
Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors.
Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that the Company may not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at a reasonable price.
The Company adopts a prudent approach to liquidity management and through the preparation of budgets and cash flow forecasts maintains sufficient cash reserves to meet its obligations. In accordance with section 4.1(a) of the Partnership Agreement, a distribution from the Partnership of
Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk that the counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company.
The carrying value of the investment in the Partnership as at
Financial assets mainly consist of cash and cash equivalents and investments at fair value through profit or loss. The Company's risk on liquid funds is reduced because it can only deposit monies with institutions with a minimum credit rating of "single A". The Company appointed
The investment objectives, policy and restrictions of the Company are set out in the Investment Policy and Investment Restrictions sections of the Annual Report. For so long as the Ordinary Shares are listed on the Official List, no material change may be made to the Company's investment policy other than with the prior approval of both the Shareholders and a majority of the independent Directors of the Company, and otherwise in accordance with the Listing Rules.
The table below shows the material cash balances and the credit rating for the counterparties used at the year end date:
31 December | 31 December | |||
2015 | 2014 | |||
Counterparty | Location | Rating | $'000 | $'000 |
Royal Bank of Scotland International Limited | Guernsey | BBB+ | - | 5,726 |
ABN Amro (Guernsey) Limited | Guernsey | A | 2,539 | - |
The Company's maximum exposure to loss of capital at the year end is shown below:
31 December 2015 | Carrying Value and Maximum exposure $'000 |
Investment at fair value through profit or loss: | |
Limited partnership | 1,345,150 |
Loans and receivables (including cash and cash equivalents but excluding prepayments) | 2,539 |
31 December 2014 | Carrying Value and Maximum exposure $'000 |
Investment at fair value through profit or loss: | |
Limited partnership | 1,234,296 |
Loans and receivables (including cash and cash equivalents but excluding prepayments) | 5,726 |
Gearing
As at the date of these Financial Statements the Company itself has no gearing; however, the Partnership had approximately
13. Segmental reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Board of Directors, as a whole. The key measure of performance used by the Board to assess the Company's performance and to allocate resources is the total return on the Company's Net Asset Value, as calculated under IFRS, and therefore no reconciliation is required between the measure of profit or loss used by the Board and that contained in the Financial Statements.
For management purposes, the Company is organised into one main operating segment, which invests in one limited partnership.
All of the Company's income is derived from within
All of the Company's non-current assets are located in the
Due to the Company's nature, it has no customers.
14. Earnings per Share and Net Asset Value per Share
Earnings per Share
31 December 2015 | |||
Basic | Diluted |
| |
Profit for the year ($'000) | 8,441 | 8,441 |
|
Weighted average numbers of Shares in issue | 76,494,962 | 76,494,962 |
|
EPS (cents) | 11.03 | 11.03 |
|
31 December 2014 | |||
Basic | Diluted |
| |
Profit for the year ($'000) | 20,636 | 19,716 |
|
Weighted average numbers of Shares in issue | 72,155,346 | 76,032,058 |
|
EPS (cents) | 28.60 | 25.93 |
|
31 December 2014 $'000 | |
Profit for the year | 20,636 |
Less: Commitment fee relating to KFI arrangement - see Note 10 | (920) |
Profit for the year including assumed Share issues | 19,716 |
Weighted average numbers of Shares in issue (Basic) | 72,155,346 |
Plus: Dilutive potential Ordinary Shares relating to KFI arrangement | 3,876,712 |
Weighted average numbers of Shares in issue (Diluted) | 76,032,058 |
The Earnings per Share is based on the profit or loss of the Company for the year and on the weighted average number of Shares the Company had in issue for the year ended
There are no dilutive Shares in issue as at
Net Asset Value per Share
31 December 2015 | 31 December 2014 | |
NAV ($'000) | 1,347,189 | 1,240,022 |
Number of Shares in issue | 84,480,064 | 76,032,058 |
Net Asset Value per Share ($) | 15.95 | 16.31 |
The Net Asset Value per Share is arrived at by dividing the net assets as at the date of the Statement of Financial Position by the number of Ordinary Shares in issue at that date.
15. Auditors' Remuneration
Other operating expenses include all fees payable to the auditors, which can be analysed as follows:
2015 $'000 | 2014 $'000 | |
Ernst & Young LLP Audit fees | 465 | 150 |
2015 $'000 | 2014 $'000 | |
Ernst & Young LLP Interim Review fees | 105 | 51 |
Ernst & Young LLP Tax Compliance fees | 25 | 25 |
Ernst & Young LLP Reporting Accounting Services | 302 | - |
Ernst & Young LLP Non-Audit fees | 432 | 76 |
16. Subsequent Events
In
Glossary of Capitalised Defined Terms
"1P reserve" means proven reserves;
"2P reserve" means proven and probable reserves;
"Administrator" means
"Admission" means admission, on
"AIC" means the
"AIC Code" means the AIC Code of Corporate Governance;
"AIC Guide" means the AIC Corporate Governance Guide for Investment Companies;
"AIF" means Alternative Investment Funds;
"AIFM" means AIF Manager;
"AIFMD" means EU Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (No. 2011/61EU);
"Annual General Meeting" or "AGM" means the general meeting of the Company;
"Annual Report and Financial Statements" means the annual publication of the Company provided to the Shareholders to describe their operations and financial conditions, together with their Financial Statements;
"AQRT" means Audit Quality Review Team of the
"Articles of Incorporation" or "Articles" means the articles of incorporation of the Company;
"Audit Committee" means a formal committee of the Board with defined terms of reference;
"bbl" means barrel of crude oil;
"Board" or "Directors" means the directors of the Company;
"boepd" means barrels of equivalent oil per day;
"CAD" means Canadian dollar;
"CanEra III" means
"Carrier II" means
"Castex 2005" means Castex Energy 2005 LLC;
"Castex 2014" means Castex Energy 2014 LLC;
"CIOC" means
"CNOR" means the
"Companies Law" means the Companies (
"Company" or "REL" means
"
"Corporate Brokers" means
"Corporate Governance Code" means The UK Corporate Governance Code 2014 as published by the
"Depositary" means
"E&P" means exploration and production;
"Eagle II" means
"Earnings per Share" or "EPS" means the Earnings per Ordinary Share and is expressed in U.S. dollars;
"EBITDA" means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation;
"EBITDAX" means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortisation and exploration expenses;
"ECI" means effectively connected income;
"EEA" means European Economic Area;
"EU" means the
"EV" means enterprise value;
"FATCA" means Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act;
"FCA" means the
"Fieldwood" means
"Financial Statements" means the audited financial statements of the Company, including the Statement of Financial Position, the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Statement of Cash Flows, the Statement of Changes in Equity and associated notes;
"FTSE 350" means
"Fund V" means
"Fund VI" means
"General Partner" means
"GFSC" or "Commission" means the
"GFSC Code" means the GFSC Finance Sector Code of Corporate Governance;
"Gross IRR" means an aggregate, annual, compound, gross internal rate of return on investments. Gross IRR does not reflect expenses to be borne by the relevant investment vehicle or its investors including, without limitation, carried interest, management fees, taxes and organisational, partnership or transaction expenses;
"Gross MOIC" means gross multiple of invested capital;
"Hunt" means
related entities;
"IAS" means international accounting standards as issued by the Board of the International Accounting Standards Committee;
"IFRS" means the International Financial Reporting Standards, being the principles-based accounting standards, interpretations and the framework by that name issued by the
"ILX III" means
"Interim Financial Report" means the Company's half yearly report and unaudited interim condensed financial statements for the period ended 30 June;
"Investment Manager" or "RIL" means
"Investment Management Agreement" means the investment management agreement dated
"Investment Undertaking" means the Partnership, any intermediate holding or investing entities that the Company or the Partnership may establish from time to time for the purposes of efficient portfolio management and to assist with tax planning generally and any subsidiary undertaking of the Company or the Partnership from time to time;
"IPEV Valuation Guidelines" means the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation Guidelines;
"IPO" means the initial public offering of shares by a private company to the public;
"ISAE 3402" means International Standard on Assurance Engagements 3402, "Assurance Reports on Controls at a
"ISA" means International Standards on Auditing (
"ISIN" means an International Securities Identification Number;
"KFI" means
"Liberty II" means
"Listing Rules" means the listing rules made by the
"
"LSE Admission Standards" means the rules issued by the
"LTM" means last twelve months;
"Management Engagement Committee" means a formal committee of the Board with defined terms of reference;
"Management Fee" means the management fee to which RIL is entitled;
"McNair" means
"Meritage III" means
"mmboe" means million barrels of oil equivalent;
"mcfe" means thousand cubic feet equivalent (natural gas);
"mmcfe/d" means million cubic feet equivalent (natural gas) per day;
"NAV per Share" means the Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share;
"Net Asset Value" or "NAV" means the value of the assets of the Company less its liabilities as calculated in accordance with the Company's valuation policy and expressed in U.S. dollars;
"Nomination Committee" means a formal committee of the Board with defined terms of reference;
"Official List" is the list maintained by the
"
"Ordinary Shares" means redeemable ordinary shares of no par value in the capital of the Company issued and designated as "Ordinary Shares" and having the rights, restrictions and entitlements set out in the Articles;
"Origo" means Origo Exploration Holding AS;
"Other Riverstone Funds" means other Riverstone-sponsored, controlled or managed entities, including Fund V/VI, which are or may in the future be managed or advised by the Investment Manager or one or more of its affiliates, excluding the Partnership;
"Partnership" or "RELIP" means
"Partnership Agreement" means the partnership agreement in respect of the Partnership between inter alios the Company as the sole limited partner and the General Partner as the sole general partner dated
"Performance Allocation" means the Performance Allocation to which the General Partner is entitled;
"Placing and Open Offer" means the issuance of 8,448,006 new Ordinary Shares at
"POI Law" means the Protection of Investors (Bailiwick of
"Private Riverstone Funds" means Fund V and all other private multi-investor, multi-investment funds that are launched after Admission and are managed or advised by the Investment Manager (or one or more of its affiliates) and excludes Riverstone employee co-investment vehicles and any Riverstone managed or advised private co-investment vehicles that invest alongside either Fund V or any multi-investor multi-investment funds that the Investment Manager (or one or more of its affiliates) launches after Admission;
"Prospectuses" means the prospectus published on
"PV-10" means present value of estimated future oil and gas revenues, net of estimated direct expenses, at an annual discount rate of 10 per cent.;
"Qualifying Investments" means all investments in which Private Riverstone Funds participate which are consistent with the Company's investment objective where the aggregate equity investment in each such investment (including equity committed for future investment) available to the relevant
"RCO" means
"RELCP" means
"RIL" or "Investment Manager" means
"Riverstone" means
"Rock Oil" means
"Sierra" means
"Shareholder" means the holder of one or more Ordinary Shares;
"Stewardship Code" means the UK Stewardship Code;
"Three Rivers III" means
"
"
"U.S." or "
"£" or "Pounds Sterling" means British pound sterling and "pence" means British pence; and
"$" means
Directors and General Information
Directors Sir Robert Wilson (Chairman) Peter Barker Patrick Firth James Hackett Richard Hayden Pierre Lapeyre David Leuschen Claire Whittet (Appointed 13 May 2015)
Lord John Browne (Resigned 13 May 2015) Dr Tidu Maini (Resigned 13 May 2015)
Audit Committee Richard Hayden (Chairman) Peter Barker Patrick Firth Claire Whittet (Appointed 28 July 2015)
Management Engagement Committee Sir Robert Wilson (Chairman) Peter Barker Patrick Firth Claire Whittet (Appointed 28 July 2015)
Nomination Committee Sir Robert Wilson (Chairman) Peter Barker Patrick Firth Claire Whittet (Appointed 28 July 2015)
Investment Manager Riverstone International Limited Clifton House 75 Fort Street P.O. Box 1350 George Town Grand Cayman KY1-1108 Cayman Islands
Investment Manager's Valuation Committee Pierre Lapeyre David Leuschen
| Administrator and Company Secretary Heritage International Fund Managers Limited Heritage Hall PO Box 225 Le Marchant Street St Peter Port Guernsey GY1 4HY Channel Islands
Registered office Heritage Hall PO Box 225 Le Marchant Street St Peter Port Guernsey GY1 4HY Channel Islands
Registrar Capita Registrars (Guernsey) Limited Longue Hougue House St Sampson Guernsey GY2 4JN Channel Islands
Principal banker ABN AMRO (Guernsey) Limited PO Box 253 Martello Court Admiral Park St. Peter Port Guernsey GY1 3QJ (Appointed 28 July 2015)
English solicitors to the Company Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP 65 Fleet Street London EC4Y 1HS United Kingdom
Guernsey advocates to the Company Carey Olsen Carey House PO Box 98 Les Banques St Peter Port Guernsey GY1 4BZ Channel Islands | U.S. legal advisors to the Company Vinson & Elkins LLP 1001 Fannin Street Suite 2500 Houston, Texas TX 77002 United States of America
Independent auditor Ernst & Young LLP PO Box 9, Royal Chambers St Julian's Avenue St Peter Port Guernsey GY1 4AF Channel Islands
Website: www.RiverstoneREL.com ISIN: GG00BBHXCL35 Ticker: RSE
Public relations advisers Brunswick Group LLP 16 Lincoln's Inn Fields London WC2A 3ED United Kingdom
Scott Harris UK Limited Victoria House 1-3 College Hill London EC4R 2RA United Kingdom
Corporate Brokers Goldman Sachs International Peterborough Court 133 Fleet Street London EC4A 2BB United Kingdom
JP Morgan Cazenove 25 Bank Street Canary Wharf London E15 5JP United Kingdom
Morgan Stanley Securities Limited 20 Bank Street London E14 4AD United Kingdom |
Cautionary Statement
The Chairman's Statement and Investment Manager's Report have been prepared solely to provide additional information for Shareholders to assess the Company's strategies and the potential for those strategies to succeed. These should not be relied on by any other party or for any other purpose.
The Chairman's Statement and Investment Manager's Report may include statements that are, or may be deemed to be, "forward-looking statements". These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms "believes", "estimates", "anticipates", "expects", "intends", "may", "will" or "should" or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology.
These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this document and include statements regarding the intentions, beliefs or current expectations of the Directors and the Investment Manager, concerning, amongst other things, the investment objectives and investment policy, financing strategies, investment performance, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, and distribution policy of the Company and the markets in which it invests.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance.
The Company's actual investment performance, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, distribution policy and the development of its financing strategies may differ materially from the impression created by the forward-looking statements contained in this document.
Subject to their legal and regulatory obligations, the Directors and the Investment Manager expressly disclaim any obligations to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained herein to reflect any change in expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any statement is based.
Heritage Hall, PO Box 225,
T 44 (0) 1481 716000
F 44 (0) 1481 730617
Further information available online:
This information is provided by RNS